ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2018
Faecal Pathogen Flows and Their Public Health Risks in Urban Environments: A Proposed Approach to Inform Sanitation Planning.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Environmental pathogen surveillance in cities without universal piped wastewater infrastructure.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Overlooked Enterobacterales as hosts of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Assessing the reliability of open-source data used for spatial characterisation of urban sanitation infrastructure-a field study in Rajshahi, Bangladesh.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025Article
- Short-term associations of diarrhoeal diseases in children with temperature and precipitation in seven low- and middle-income countries from Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of pathogen reduction in onsite sanitation systems.Water research X · 2023Review
- Public health performance of sanitation technologies in Tamil Nadu, India: Initial perspectives based on E. coli release.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2022Article
- Out of sight, out of mind: Understanding the sanitation crisis in global South cities.Journal of environmental management · 2022Article
- Biodigester Cookstove Interventions and Child Diarrhea in Semirural Nepal: A Causal Analysis of Daily Observations.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Observational
- Poor awareness and attitudes to sanitation servicing can impede China's Rural Toilet Revolution: Evidence from Western China.The Science of the total environment · 2021Article
- Safely Managed On-Site Sanitation: A National Assessment of Sanitation Services and Potential Fecal Exposure in Indonesia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Review of drivers and barriers of water and sanitation policies for urban informal settlements in low-income and middle-income countries.Utilities policy · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Public health benefits are often a key political driver of urban sanitation investment in developing countries, however, pathogen flows are rarely taken systematically into account in sanitation investment choices. While several tools and approaches on sanitation and health risks have recently been developed, this research identified gaps in their ability to predict faecal pathogen flows, to relate exposure risks to the existing sanitation services, and to compare expected impacts of improvements. This paper outlines a conceptual approach that links faecal waste discharge patterns with potential pathogen exposure pathways to quantitatively compare urban sanitation improvement options. An illustrative application of the approach is presented, using a spreadsheet-based model to compare the relative effect on disability-adjusted life years of six sanitation improvement options for a hypothetical urban situation. The approach includes consideration of the persistence or removal of different pathogen classes in different environments; recognition of multiple interconnected sludge and effluent pathways, and of multiple potential sites for exposure; and use of quantitative microbial risk assessment to support prediction of relative health risks for each option. This research provides a step forward in applying current knowledge to better consider public health, alongside environmental and other objectives, in urban sanitation decision making. Further empirical research in specific locations is now required to refine the approach and address data gaps.
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