ArticleEuropean journal of human genetics : EJHG2018
Whole-sequence analysis indicates that the Y chromosome C2*-Star Cluster traces back to ordinary Mongols, rather than Genghis Khan.
Article in European journal of human genetics : EJHG, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genomes of the Golden Horde elites and their implications for the rulers of the Mongol Empire.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- YHSeqY3000 panel captures all founding lineages in the Chinese paternal genomic diversity database.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Genetic genealogy of Y-chromosome in the Zhetiru tribe of the Kazakh population from Kazakhstan.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Multiple Human Population Movements and Cultural Dispersal Events Shaped the Landscape of Chinese Paternal Heritage.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Review
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- Genetic polymorphism of Y-chromosome in Kazakh populations from Southern Kazakhstan.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Developmental validation of a high-resolution panel genotyping 639 Y-chromosome SNP and InDel markers and its evolutionary features in Chinese populations.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Is there still evolution in the human population?Biologia futura · 2022Review
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- Dual origins of the Northwest Chinese Kyrgyz: the admixture of Bronze age Siberian and Medieval Niru'un Mongolian Y chromosomes.Journal of human genetics · 2022Article
- Article
- Fitness and Power: The Contribution of Genetics to the History of Differential Reproduction.Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior · 2021Article
- Mutation Rate Variability across Human Y-Chromosome Haplogroups.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Genomic Insights Into the Admixture History of Mongolic- and Tungusic-Speaking Populations From Southwestern East Asia.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Genomic Insights Into the Genetic Structure and Natural Selection of Mongolians.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Genetics research at the "Centenary of human population genetics" conference and SBB-2019.BMC genetics · 2020Article
- Article
- Phylogenetic analysis of the Y-chromosome haplogroup C2b-F1067, a dominant paternal lineage in Eastern Eurasia.Journal of human genetics · 2020Article
- Y-chromosome evidence confirmed the Kerei-Abakh origin of Aksay Kazakhs.Journal of human genetics · 2020Article
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14 authors.
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Abstract
The Y-chromosome haplogroup C3*-Star Cluster (revised to C2*-ST in this study) was proposed to be the Y-profile of Genghis Khan. Here, we re-examined the origin of C2*-ST and its associations with Genghis Khan and Mongol populations. We analyzed 34 Y-chromosome sequences of haplogroup C2*-ST and its most closely related lineage. We redefined this paternal lineage as C2b1a3a1-F3796 and generated a highly revised phylogenetic tree of the haplogroup, including 36 sub-lineages and 265 non-private Y-chromosome variants. We performed a comprehensive analysis and age estimation of this lineage in eastern Eurasia, including 18,210 individuals from 292 populations. We discovered that the origin of populations with high frequencies of C2*-ST can be traced to either an ancient Niru'un Mongol clan or ordinary Mongol tribes. Importantly, the age of the most recent common ancestor of C2*-ST (2576 years, 95% CI = 1975-3178) and its sub-lineages, and their expansion patterns, are consistent with the diffusion of all Mongolic-speaking populations, rather than Genghis Khan himself or his close male relatives. We concluded that haplogroup C2*-ST is one of the founder paternal lineages of all Mongolic-speaking populations, and direct evidence of an association between C2*-ST and Genghis Khan has yet to be discovered.
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