ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine2018
Effector T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03975413 (Single-Arm, Non-Randomized, Time Series, Single-Subject Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 184 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Single-Arm, Non-Randomized, Time Series, Single-Subject Study: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) in Multiple Sclerosis
Who cites it
184 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 301 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of alemtuzumab in the development of secondary autoimmunity in multiple Sclerosis: a systematic review.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of rituximab in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2023Pooled it
- IL-6 and TNF-α responses to acute and regular exercise in adult individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS): a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2022Pooled it
- Repopulation of T, B, and NK cells following alemtuzumab treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Trial
- Genome-wide association analyses highlight the neuronal contribution to multiple sclerosis susceptibility.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- The Neuroimmune Duality of CD4⁺ T Cells: Drivers of Damage and Repair in the Brain.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Whole-body irradiation causes long-term impairments in the maintenance and function of naïve CD4 T cells specific for self- and non-self-antigens.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Anti-human T lymphocyte porcine immunoglobulin attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting T cell activation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- In vivo CAR-cell therapy: current challenges and emerging therapeutic advances.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Anti-Neuroinflammatory Cannabinoid Acids as a New Therapeutic Approach for Multiple Sclerosis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiome in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Emerging Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Engineered ETS1-Nanoconjugate Restores Immune Homeostasis through Dual Immune-Vascular Modulation in Relapsing and Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Immune cell profiling reveals expanded stem cell-like memory T cells in anti-GAD65-associated neurological syndromes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The potential role of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase in astrocyte BAFF expression and B cell activation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2026Article
- Novel CSF biomarkers for facilitating diagnosis of CNS-HLH from other neuroinflammatory disorders.Blood advances · 2026Article
- The ionotropic AMPA receptor contributes to autoimmunity via altered regulatory T cell differentiation.iScience · 2026Article
- Cellular Immunotherapies for Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Advances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Uncovering the dynamics of extracellular vesicle microRNA trafficking in multiple sclerosis: delivery, diversion and retention.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Imbalance of Circulating B-Cell Subsets Was Associated With Higher Risk of Relapses in RRMS Patients.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Deep cervical lymph node analysis in central nervous system inflammatory disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
124 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been considered a CD4 T-cell disease, primarily because of the findings that the strongest genetic risk for MS is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II locus, and that T cells play a central role in directing the immune response. The importance that the T helper (Th)1 cytokine, interferon γ (IFN-γ), and the Th17 cytokine, interleukin (IL)-17, play in MS pathogenesis is indicated by recent clinical trial data by the enhanced presence of Th1/Th17 cells in central nervous system (CNS) tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood, and by research on animal models of MS, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Although the majority of research on MS pathogenesis has centered on the role of effector CD4 T cells, accumulating data suggests that CD8 T cells may play a significant role in the human disease. In fact, in contrast to most animal models, the primary T cell found in the CNS in patients with MS, is the CD8 T cell. As patient-derived effector T cells are also resistant to mechanisms of dominant tolerance such as that induced by interaction with regulatory T cells (Tregs), their reduced response to regulation may also contribute to the unchecked effector T-cell activity in patients with MS. These concepts will be discussed below.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.