Observational studyCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2018
Effect of provincial spending on social services and health care on health outcomes in Canada: an observational longitudinal study.
Observational study in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Health care crisis: looking beyond the obvious: Part 2: Drawing inspiration from the planetary boundaries concept.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2026Article
- Assessing the impact of government healthcare expenditure and life expectancy on economic growth in Saudi Arabia: an econometric time-series study (2000-2023).Health economics review · 2026Article
- Health in All Policies Implementation in Quebec Suggests Great Promise for U.S.Annals of global health · 2026Article
- Association of Health and Social Spending With Health Outcomes in OECD Countries.Health services research · 2025Article
- Multilevel Estimation of the Relative Impacts of Social Determinants on Income-Related Health Inequalities in Urban Canada: Protocol for the Canadian Social Determinants Urban Laboratory.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Development and validation of the healthcare access barrier scale (HABS).International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Study on regional disparities and influencing factors of public health service supply in China from the perspective of fairness.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Transitioning to a guaranteed annual income and the impact on activities of daily living in older adults: Evidence from public pensions in Canada using the CLSA.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2024Article
- Chasing cancer: does the social-to-medical spending ratio relate to cancer incidence and mortality in Canadian provinces? A retrospective cohort study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- The long-term effect of social, educational, and health expenditures on indicators of life expectancy: an empirical analysis for the OECD countries.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The political and fiscal determinants of public health and curative care expenditures: evidence from the Canadian provinces, 1980-2018.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2023Article
- Value-Based Healthcare: Is It Just Another Buzzword?Healthcare policy = Politiques de sante · 2023Article
- Acute clinical and financial outcomes of esophagectomy at safety-net hospitals in the United States.PloS one · 2023Article
- How does urbanization affect public health? New evidence from 175 countries worldwide.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Welfare state decommodification and population health.PloS one · 2022Article
- County health outcomes linkage to county spending on social services, building infrastructure, and law and order.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- With great inequality comes great responsibility: the role of government spending on population health in the presence of changing income distributions.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2021Article
- Climate-related migration and population health: social science-oriented dynamic simulation model.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEscalating health care spending is a concern in Western countries, given the lack of evidence of a direct connection between spending and improvements in health. We aimed to determine the association between spending on health care and social programs and health outcomes in Canada.
methodsWe used retrospective data from Canadian provincial expenditure reports, for the period 1981 to 2011, to model the effects of social and health spending (as a ratio, social/health) on potentially avoidable mortality, infant mortality and life expectancy. We used linear regressions, accounting for provincial fixed effects and time, and controlling for confounding variables at the provincial level.
resultsA 1-cent increase in social spending per dollar spent on health was associated with a 0.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04% to 0.16%) decrease in potentially avoidable mortality and a 0.01% (95% CI 0.01% to 0.02%) increase in life expectancy. The ratio had a statistically nonsignificant relationship with infant mortality (
interpretationPopulation-level health outcomes could benefit from a reallocation of government dollars from health to social spending, even if total government spending were left unchanged. This result is consistent with other findings from Canada and the United States.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.