ArticleEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2018
Treatment of selective mutism: a 5-year follow-up study.
Article in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01002196 (How to Help When Silence is Not Golden A RCT Study of Selective Mutism), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
How to Help When Silence is Not Golden A RCT Study of Selective Mutism
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding silence in adolescence and young adulthood: a mixed methods systematic review on selective mutism.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Long-term outcomes of selective mutism: a systematic literature review.BMC psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Intensive group behavioral treatment (IGBT) for children with selective mutism: A preliminary randomized clinical trial.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2019Trial
- Youth with selective mutism: a nationwide patient registry study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Family Accommodation and Selective Mutism: Evaluating the Survey of Accommodation in Verbal Encounters (SAVE).Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in inpatients with selective mutism compared to social anxiety disorder: an observational study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Observational
- The efficacy of home-based virtual reality exposure therapy as an add-on to behavioral therapy for children with selective mutism: Protocol for a single-case experimental design.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Physical Freezing in Children and Adolescents with Selective Mutism.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- What Can We Learn from the Previous Research on the Symptoms of Selective Mutism? A Systematic Review.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- An Updated Characterization of Childhood Selective Mutism: Exploring Clinical Features, Treatment Utilization, and School Services.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Meta-analysis of behavioral treatments for selective mutism: findings from selective mutism questionnaire (SMQ) and school speech questionnaire (SSQ).Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Review
- The Clinical Phenotype of Early Selective Mutism and Later Autism Spectrum Disorder in Girls: A Case Series Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Biopsychosocial Overview of Speech Disorders: Neuroanatomical, Genetic, and Environmental Insights.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Selective mutism and the risk of mental and neurodevelopmental disorders among siblings.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Long-term outcome of selective mutism: factors influencing the feeling of being cured.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Article
- Diagnosing selective mutism: a critical review of measures for clinical practice and research.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Review
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of nonpharmacological interventions for children and adolescents with selective mutism.JCPP advances · 2023Article
- Characteristics of person, place, and activity that trigger failure to speak in children with selective mutism.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2022Article
- Current Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Selective Mutism in Children.Psychology research and behavior management · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Selective mutism (SM) has been defined as an anxiety disorder in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the recommended approach for SM, but prospective long-term outcome studies are lacking. Reports from the children themselves, and the use of more global quality of life measures, are also missing in the literature. We have developed a school-based CBT intervention previously found to increase speech in a pilot efficacy study and a randomized controlled treatment study. Continued progress was found in our 1-year follow-up studies, where older age and more severe SM had a significant negative effect upon outcome. In the present study, we provide 5-year outcome data for 30 of these 32 children with SM who completed the same CBT for mean 21 weeks (sd 5, range 8-24) at mean age 6 years (10 boys). Mean age at the 5-year follow-up was 11 years (range 8-14). Outcome measures were diagnostic status, the teacher- and parent-rated selective mutism questionnaires, and child rated quality of life and speaking behavior. At the 5-year follow-up, 21 children were in full remission, five were in partial remission and four fulfilled diagnostic criteria for SM. Seven children (23%) fulfilled criteria for social phobia, and separation anxiety disorder, specific phobia and/or enuresis nocturna were found in a total of five children (17%). Older age and severity at baseline and familial SM were significant negative predictors of outcome. Treatment gains were maintained on the teacher- and parent questionnaires. The children rated their overall quality of life as good. Although most of them talked outside of home, 50% still experienced it as somewhat challenging. These results point to the long-term effectiveness of CBT for SM, but also highlight the need to develop more effective interventions for the subset of children with persistent symptoms.Clinical trials registration NCT01002196.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.