ArticleJournal of clinical gastroenterology
Gastroesophageal Reflux Frequency, Severity, Age of Onset, Family History and Acid Suppressive Therapy Predict Barrett Esophagus in a Large Population.
Article in Journal of clinical gastroenterology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for the Development of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Pooled it
- Construction and validation of a novel diagnostic model for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: an integrated analysis of multi-omics data.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The association between GERD symptoms severity and psychosocial health in palestine: a cross-sectional study.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Susceptibility of Bangladeshi University Students to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Its Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Update on Management of Squamous Cell Esophageal Cancer.Current oncology reports · 2022Review
- Family History of GERD Does Not Predict Anti-Reflux Surgery Outcomes.JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic SurgeonsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
goalsTo identify risk factors associated with Barrett esophagus (BE) for potential improved surveillance and risk reduction.
backgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a known risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma, but the ability of GERD symptom frequency and severity to predict presence of its putative precursor lesion, BE, is less well-defined in large, community-based populations. STUDY: We conducted a case-control study within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population. Cases had new diagnoses of BE. To identify risk factors in the general population, we contrasted cases with population controls; to identify risk factors only among patients with GERD, we contrasted cases with GERD patients who lacked BE.
resultsWe interviewed 953 patients; 320 patients with BE, 316 patients with GERD who lacked BE and 317 population controls. Compared with population controls, BE risk was highest among patients with the most frequent and severe GERD symptoms [odds ratio (OR), 27.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 14.52-50.21], nocturnal symptoms (OR, 5.40; 95% CI, 3.81-7.72), and family history of GERD (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.80-3.62) or BE (OR, 10.08; 95% CI, 2.83-35.84). Although at least weekly proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was a risk factor for BE (OR, 9.85; 95% CI, 6.54-14.84), among PPI users in the general population, GERD symptoms were not strongly associated with the risk of BE. Compared with GERD controls, cases were more likely to have onset of GERD symptoms before 30 years of age (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.15-3.22) and a family history of BE (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 1.50-8.83).
conclusionsSevere and frequent GERD symptoms are strongly associated with increased risk of BE in the general population, especially in the absence of frequent PPI use. Among people with GERD, family history of BE and early age of symptom onset were stronger predictors of BE. These findings may improve identification of patients at highest risk for BE.
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