ReviewIntegrated pharmacy research & practice2015
The role of community pharmacy-based vaccination in the USA: current practice and future directions.
Review in Integrated pharmacy research & practice, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Expanding vaccination provider types and administration sites can increase vaccination uptake: A systematic literature review of the evidence in non-United States geographies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacy-based immunization: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- The impact of pharmacist involvement on immunization uptake and other outcomes: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAPooled it
- The feasibility and acceptability of a pilot randomized controlled trial testing pharmacy-based HPV vaccine completion.Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP · 2022Trial
- The Role of Pharmacists in Tackling Mpox: Challenges and Future Prospects: A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Perceptions of HPV vaccination: a qualitative study with adolescents, parents, school staff, and pharmacists.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Pharmacist-Led Flu Vaccination Services in Romanian Community Pharmacies: Barriers, Perceptions, and Implementation Challenges.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Perspectives and Experiences of Community Pharmacists on Vaccine and Cold Chain: A Qualitative Study.Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- Real-World Evidence Evaluation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccines: Deep Dive into Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Governing access to medicines in Central America: community pharmacy, patient safety, and lessons from Spain.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- A comprehensive review of HPV vaccination policies in the United States.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- The impact of two-year community-wide pharmacy interventions on the public's knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors about pharmacists as immunizers.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Well-Child Visits and Immunization Encounters in South Carolina Medicaid: A 3-Year Retrospective Comparison Between Rural and Urban Children with a History of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, 2006-2014.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Quality and safety requirements for pharmacy-based vaccination in resource-limited countries.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Review
- Pediatric vaccination in pharmacies is not associated with delayed well-child visits among commercially insured children.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- Article
- Patient Opinions and Satisfaction Regarding Pharmacists Delivering Vaccinations in Community Pharmacies.Journal of patient experience · 2025Article
- Community pharmacists' knowledge, beliefs, and perceived barriers toward vaccination services at community pharmacies: A cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Rural community pharmacists' willingness to receive, administer, and recommend COVID-19 vaccines after the First U.S. vaccine rollout.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Environmental and personal barriers encountered in community pharmacy settings based on public opinions.Future science OA · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Community pharmacy-based provision of immunizations in the USA has become commonplace in the last few decades, with success in increasing rates of immunizations. Community pharmacy-based vaccination services are provided by pharmacists educated in the practice of immunization delivery and provide a convenient and accessible option for receiving immunizations. The pharmacist's role in immunization practice has been described as serving in the roles of educator, facilitator, and immunizer. With a majority of pharmacist-provided vaccinations occurring in the community pharmacy setting, there are many examples of community pharmacists serving in these immunization roles with successful outcomes. Different community pharmacies employ a number of different models and workflow practices that usually consist of a year-round in-house service staffed by their own immunizing pharmacist. Challenges that currently exist in this setting are variability in scopes of immunization practice for pharmacists across states, inconsistent reimbursement mechanisms, and barriers in technology. Many of these challenges can be alleviated by continual education; working with legislators, state boards of pharmacy, stakeholders, and payers to standardize laws; and reimbursement design. Other challenges that may need to be addressed are improvements in communication and continuity of care between community pharmacists and the patient centered medical home.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.