Observational studyCirculation2018
Sex and Race Differences in Lifetime Risk of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.
Observational study in Circulation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prognostic value of lipid parameters among patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.ESC heart failure · 2025Pooled it
- The WATCH-DM risk score estimates clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Risk Prediction Models and Novel Prognostic Factors for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic and Comprehensive Review.Current pharmaceutical design · 2023Pooled it
- Epigenetic Age Acceleration Reflects Long-Term Cardiovascular Health.Circulation research · 2021Trial
- The effect of bariatric surgery on patient reported outcomes of heart failure in women: a pilot study.Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery · 2026Article
- The Intersection of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and CKD.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Review
- Hyperuricemia in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: pathophysiological insights and therapeutic perspectives - a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Cardiometabolic Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF): Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and the Role of Lifestyle Modification.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Cardiac metabolic remodeling drives dicarbonyl stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Article
- Invasive haemodynamic validation of an artificial intelligence echocardiographic tool for detecting heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.ESC heart failure · 2026Article
- Cellular Interactions and Immunometabolic Mechanisms in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence.Circulation. Heart failure · 2026Review
- Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation in Women: Pathophysiological Links, Clinical Challenges, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Preserved Ejection, Lost Rhythm: A Narrative Review of the Pathophysiology and Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Concomitant Atrial Fibrillation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Sex-specific performance of clinical diagnostic algorithms for HFpEF across two independent cohorts.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2025Article
- Demographic disparities in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Heart failure reviews · 2025Review
- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and HFpEF: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Sex and Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Revascularisation Treatments and Post-Stroke Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure: A National Inpatient Sample Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Cardiac Rehabilitation in the Era of CRT and ARNI: A Missing Link in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Care.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Novel therapeutic cav1.3-C-terminus normalizes L-type calcium current and ejection fraction in ischemia-induced murine heart failure.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2025Article
- Underpinnings of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in women - From prevention to improving function. A co-publication with the American Journal of Preventive Cardiology and the Journal of Cardiac Failure.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLifetime risk of heart failure has been estimated to range from 20% to 46% in diverse sex and race groups. However, lifetime risk estimates for the 2 HF phenotypes, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), are not known.
methodsParticipant-level data from 2 large prospective cohort studies, the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) and MESA (Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), were pooled, excluding individuals with prevalent HF at baseline. Remaining lifetime risk estimates for HFpEF (EF ≥45%) and HFrEF (EF <45%) were determined at different index ages with the use of a modified Kaplan-Meier method with mortality and the other HF subtype as competing risks.
resultsWe included 12 417 participants >45 years of age (22.2% blacks, 44.8% men) who were followed up for median duration of 11.6 years with 2178 overall incident HF events with 561 HFrEF events and 726 HFpEF events. At the index age of 45 years, the lifetime risk for any HF through 90 years of age was higher in men than women (27.4% versus 23.8%). Among HF subtypes, the lifetime risk for HFrEF was higher in men than women (10.6% versus 5.8%). In contrast, the lifetime risk for HFpEF was similar in men and women. In race-stratified analyses, lifetime risk for overall HF was higher in nonblacks than blacks (25.9% versus 22.4%). Among HF subtypes, the lifetime risk for HFpEF was higher in nonblacks than blacks (11.2% versus 7.7%), whereas that for HFrEF was similar across the 2 groups. Among participants with antecedent myocardial infarction before HF diagnosis, the remaining lifetime risks for HFpEF and HFrEF were up to 2.5-fold and 4-fold higher, respectively, compared with those without antecedent myocardial infarction.
conclusionsLifetime risks for HFpEF and HFrEF vary by sex, race, and history of antecedent myocardial infarction. These insights into the distribution of HF risk and its subtypes could inform the development of targeted strategies to improve population-level HF prevention and control.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.