ReviewAntioxidants & redox signaling2018
Targeted and Off-Target (Bystander and Abscopal) Effects of Radiation Therapy: Redox Mechanisms and Risk/Benefit Analysis.
Review in Antioxidants & redox signaling, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenic Cell Death in Melanoma Induced by Radiotherapy, Photodynamic Therapy, or Non-Thermal Plasma: The Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Structural and Functional Characteristics of the Liver After Fractionated Local Electron Irradiation and Against the Background of Ascorbic Acid Administration.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Radiation Biology of Radiopharmaceuticals: Beyond External Beam Radiation Therapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Radiomitigators: Breakthroughs in Post-Radiation Recovery.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Macrophages in post-chemoradiotherapy hematopoietic injury: a double-edged sword.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Mitochondria-targeted strategies in cancer radiotherapy: from ROS regulation to immunogenic cell death.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Targeted alpha therapy: a comprehensive analysis of the biological effects from "local-regional-systemic" dimensions.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Review
- Review
- Targeting Melanin Heterogeneity in Metastatic Melanoma: A Dual-Tumour Mouse Melanoma Model.Experimental dermatology · 2025Article
- Systemic effects ofEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Article
- Radiation Quality-Dependent Progressive Increase in Oxidative DNA Damage and Intestinal Tumorigenesis inCurrent oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Article
- Melatonin in Chemo/Radiation Therapy; Implications for Normal Tissues Sparing and Tumor Suppression: An Updated Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Article
- SGLT2 Inhibitors in Combination Therapies for Tumors: A Novel Approach to Synergistic Treatment Strategies.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Pegylated Interferon Combined With Low-Dose Total Skin Electron Beam Therapy for Advanced Stage Mycosis Fungoides: Two Case Reports and Literature Review.Advances in radiation oncology · 2025Article
- Replacing 2 Gy Per Fraction Equivalent Dose with Fractionation-Specific Biological Equivalent Dose for Normal Tissues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exploring Piperine: Unleashing the multifaceted potential of a phytochemical in cancer therapy.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Radiopharmaceuticals for Pancreatic Cancer: A Review of Current Approaches and Future Directions.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Particle Beam Radiobiology Status and Challenges: A PTCOG Radiobiology Subcommittee Report.International journal of particle therapy · 2024Review
- Mediation of radiation-induced bystander effect and epigenetic modification: The role of exosomes in cancer radioresistance.Heliyon · 2024Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
significanceRadiation therapy (from external beams to unsealed and sealed radionuclide sources) takes advantage of the detrimental effects of the clustered production of radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Research has mainly focused on the interaction of radiation with water, which is the major constituent of living beings, and with nuclear DNA, which contains the genetic information. This led to the so-called target theory according to which cells have to be hit by ionizing particles to elicit an important biological response, including cell death. In cancer therapy, the Poisson law and linear quadratic mathematical models have been used to describe the probability of hits per cell as a function of the radiation dose. Recent Advances: However, in the last 20 years, many studies have shown that radiation generates "danger" signals that propagate from irradiated to nonirradiated cells, leading to bystander and other off-target effects. CRITICAL ISSUES: Like for targeted effects, redox mechanisms play a key role also in off-target effects through transmission of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and also of cytokines, ATP, and extracellular DNA. Particularly, nuclear factor kappa B is essential for triggering self-sustained production of ROS and RNS, thus making the bystander response similar to inflammation. In some therapeutic cases, this phenomenon is associated with recruitment of immune cells that are involved in distant irradiation effects (called "away-from-target" i.e., abscopal effects). FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Determining the contribution of targeted and off-target effects in the clinic is still challenging. This has important consequences not only in radiotherapy but also possibly in diagnostic procedures and in radiation protection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.