Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29349922›Full record

Trial reportMaternal & child nutrition2018

Association between breast milk intake at 9-10 months of age and growth and development among Malawian young children.

Chiza Kumwenda, Jaimie Hemsworth, John Phuka, Ulla Ashorn, Mary Arimond, Kenneth Maleta, Elizabeth L Prado, Marjorie J Haskell, Kathryn G Dewey, Per Ashorn

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Maternal & child nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Chiza KumwendaCentre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-5894-0332
Jaimie HemsworthDepartment of Population Health, Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
John PhukaSchool of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
Ulla AshornCentre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
Mary ArimondProgram in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1357-9077
Kenneth MaletaSchool of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
Elizabeth L PradoProgram in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5388-081X
Marjorie J HaskellProgram in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Kathryn G DeweyProgram in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Per AshornCentre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for infants for the first 6 months of life, followed by introduction of nutritious complementary foods alongside breastfeeding. Breast milk remains a significant source of nourishment in the second half of infancy and beyond; however, it is not clear whether more breast milk is always better. The present study was designed to determine the association between amount of breast milk intake at 9-10 months of age and infant growth and development by 12-18 months of age. The study was nested in a randomized controlled trial conducted in Malawi. Regression analysis was used to determine associations between breast milk intake and growth and development. Mean (SD) breast milk intake at 9-10 months of age was 752 (244) g/day. Mean (SD) length-for-age z-score at 12 months and change in length-for-age z-score between 12 and 18 months were -1.69 (1.0) and -0.17 (0.6), respectively. At 18 months, mean (SD) expressive vocabulary score was 32 (24) words and median (interquartile range) skills successfully performed for fine, gross, and overall motor skills were 21 (19-22), 18 (16-19), and 38 (26-40), respectively. Breast milk intake (g/day) was not associated with either growth or development. Proportion of total energy intake from breast milk was negatively associated with fine motor (β = -0.18, p = .015) but not other developmental scores in models adjusted for potential confounders. Among Malawian infants, neither breast milk intake nor percent of total energy intake from breast milk at 9-10 months was positively associated with subsequent growth between 12 and 18 months, or development at 18 months.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingChild DevelopmentMilk, HumanBody Mass IndexBody WeightFemaleHumansInfantMalawiMaleMotor SkillsProspective StudiesSingle-Blind MethodSocioeconomic Factorsbreast milk intakegrowth and developmentinfantlipid-based nutrient supplementsMalawi

Identifiers

PMID29349922
PMCPMC6866006

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.