Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29349142›Full record

ArticleSSM - population health2016

Towards an understanding of the structural determinants of oral health inequalities: A comparative analysis between Canada and the United States.

Julie Farmer, Logan McLeod, Arjumand Siddiqi, Vahid Ravaghi, Carlos Quiñonez

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in SSM - population health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

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  12. Commentary - What about the mouth? Connecting oral health and food environments.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2018
    Article
  13. Inequalities in oral health: Understanding the contributions of education and income.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2017
    Article
  14. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.

Julie FarmerDiscipline of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Logan McLeodDepartment of Economics, Lazaridis School of Business & Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Arjumand SiddiqiDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Vahid RavaghiSchool of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Carlos QuiñonezDiscipline of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
University of Toronto · CAUniversity of Birmingham · GBUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USWilfrid Laurier University · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo compare the magnitude of, and contributors to, income-related inequalities in oral health outcomes within and between Canada and the United States over time.

methodsThe concentration index was used to estimate income-related inequalities in three oral health outcomes from the Nutrition Canada National Survey 1970-1972, Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007-2009, Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I 1971-1974, and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. Concentration indices were decomposed to determine the contribution of demographic and socioeconomic factors to oral health inequalities.

resultsOur estimates show that over time in both countries, inequalities in decayed teeth and edentulism were concentrated among the poor and inequalities in filled teeth were concentrated among the rich. Over time, inequalities in decayed teeth increased and decreased for measures of filled teeth and edentulism in both countries. Inequalities were higher in the United States compared to Canada for filled and decayed teeth outcomes. Socioeconomic characteristics (education, income) contributed greater to inequalities than demographic characteristics (age, sex). As well, income contributed more to inequalities in recent surveys in both Canada and the United States.

conclusionsInequalities in oral health have persisted over the past 35 years in Canada and the United States, and are associated with age, sex, education, and income and have varied over time.

Indexed as

CanadaComparative studyHealth status disparitiesIncomeOral healthSocial determinants of healthUnited States

Identifiers

PMID29349142
PMCPMC5757973
OpenAlexW2336574949

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.