ArticlePLoS pathogens2018
Higher sequence diversity in the vaginal tract than in blood at early HIV-1 infection.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization of Viruses in Phase 3 and Phase 3b Trials (the Ring Study and the Dapivirine Ring Extended Access and Monitoring Trial) of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Risk Reduction.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- The genomic sequence of packaged viral ribonucleic acid predicts mucosal HIV-1 transmission fitness.iScience · 2026Article
- Phenotypic analysis of productively SIV-infected cells in blood and lymphoid tissues of rhesus macaques.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of gp120 glycosylation to explore differences between transmitter/founder and chronic HIV-1 isolates.Glycobiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- An Amino Acid Polymorphism within the HIV-1 Nef Dileucine Motif Functionally Uncouples Cell Surface CD4 and SERINC5 Downregulation.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Deep Gene Sequence Cluster Analyses of Multi-Virus-Infected Mucosal Tissue Reveal Enhanced Transmission of Acute HIV-1.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Role of Tunneling Nanotube-like Structures during the Early Events of HIV Infection: Novel Features of Tissue Compartmentalization and Mechanism of HIV Spread.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Compartmentalization and Clonal Amplification of HIV-1 in the Male Genital Tract Characterized Using Next-Generation Sequencing.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Detectable HIV-1 in semen in individuals with very low blood viral loads.Virology journal · 2020Article
- Characterization of HIV-1 diversity in various compartments at the time of primary infection by ultradeep sequencing.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Article
- Sexually transmitted infections and HIV in the era of antiretroviral treatment and prevention: the biologic basis for epidemiologic synergy.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Review
- Evidence for both Intermittent and Persistent Compartmentalization of HIV-1 in the Female Genital Tract.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Metagenomic Sequencing of HIV-1 in the Blood and Female Genital Tract Reveals Little Quasispecies Diversity during Acute Infection.Journal of virology · 2019Observational
- Current Status of Latency Reversing Agents Facing the Heterogeneity of HIV-1 Cellular and Tissue Reservoirs.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- Highlights from the HIV Research for Prevention Conference (R4P),: 17-21 October 2016, Chicago, IL, USA.Journal of virus eradication · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In the majority of cases, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is transmitted through sexual intercourse. A single founder virus in the blood of the newly infected donor emerges from a genetic bottleneck, while in rarer instances multiple viruses are responsible for systemic infection. We sought to characterize the sequence diversity at early infection, between two distinct anatomical sites; the female reproductive tract vs. systemic compartment. We recruited 72 women from Uganda and Zimbabwe within seven months of HIV-1 infection. Using next generation deep sequencing, we analyzed the total genetic diversity within the C2-V3-C3 envelope region of HIV-1 isolated from the female genital tract at early infection and compared this to the diversity of HIV-1 in plasma. We then compared intra-patient viral diversity in matched cervical and blood samples with three or seven months post infection. Genetic analysis of the C2-V3-C3 region of HIV-1 env revealed that early HIV-1 isolates within blood displayed a more homogeneous genotype (mean 1.67 clones, range 1-5 clones) than clones in the female genital tract (mean 5.7 clones, range 3-10 clones) (p<0.0001). The higher env diversity observed within the genital tract compared to plasma was independent of HIV-1 subtype (A, C and D). Our analysis of early mucosal infections in women revealed high HIV-1 diversity in the vaginal tract but few transmitted clones in the blood. These novel in vivo finding suggest a possible mucosal sieve effect, leading to the establishment of a homogenous systemic infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.