ArticlePediatric emergency care2020
Posttraumatic Stress in Children After Injury: The Role of Acute Pain and Opioid Medication Use.
Article in Pediatric emergency care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nebulized tranexamic acid for treatment of post-tonsillectomy bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Posttraumatic stress disorder from early childhood to late adolescence: a resilience-oriented approach to prevention, diagnosis, and clinical management.Discover mental health · 2026Review
- Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in paediatric patients following orthopaedic trauma: A systematic review.Journal of children's orthopaedics · 2026Review
- International Practice Variation in Post-Tonsillectomy Hemorrhage: A Survey Study of Pediatric Otolaryngologists.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2025Article
- Applying the Cognitive Model of Post-Traumatic Stress to Examine the Role of Appraisals, Trauma Memory, and Coping Strategies Following Pediatric Injury: A Systematic Review.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of post-traumatic stress symptoms and its influence on length of hospital stay in inpatients with traumatic fractures in Zunyi, China.AIMS public health · 2024Article
- Analgesia and Sedation of Pediatric Patients with Major Trauma in Pre-Hospital and Emergency Department Settings-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- PTSD Risk Factors and Acute Pain Intensity Predict Length of Hospital Stay in Youth after Unintentional Injury.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Early Interventions to Prevent Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Youth after Exposure to a Potentially Traumatic Event: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Variation in Acute Pain Management of Youth With Nonfatal Firearm Injuries.Academic pediatricsArticle
- What's New in Emergency, Trauma, and Shock - When Caution Causes Harm: Rethinking Analgesia in Pediatric Trauma.Journal of emergencies, trauma, and shockArticle
- Analgesia Administration in Severely Injured Pediatric Trauma Patients: A Comparison of General and Pediatric Emergency Departments.Journal of emergencies, trauma, and shockArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesAfter injury, many children experience posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) that negatively impact recovery. Acute pain and PTSS share neurobiological pathways, and acute dosage of morphine has been linked to reduced PTSS in naturalistic studies. However, the complex interactions between pain, morphine and other opioid use, and PTSS have yet to be investigated in robust pediatric samples.This prospective, longitudinal study examined relationships between acute pain, opioid medications, and PTSS after pediatric injury.
methodsNinety-six children aged 8 to 13 years (mean = 10.60, SD = 1.71), hospitalized for unintentional injury, completed assessments at baseline (T1) and 12 weeks (T2) later. Pain ratings and opioid administration data were obtained via chart review.
resultsStructural equation modeling revealed that worst pain endorsed during hospitalization was positively associated with concurrent and later PTSS when controlling for evidence-based risk factors (ie, age, sex, prior trauma history, traumatic appraisals of injury event, heart rate). Neither opioid medications overall nor morphine specifically (milligram/kilogram/day) administered during hospitalization mediated the relationship between pain and T2 PTSS.
conclusionsPain during hospitalization may increase susceptibility for persistent PTSS above and beyond the influence of other empirical risk factors. Findings suggest that pain assessment may be a useful addition to pediatric PTSS screening tools and highlight the need for additional research on pharmacological secondary prevention approaches. Given that inadequate pain control and persistent PTSS each hinder recovery and long-term functioning, better understanding of interactions between acute pain and PTSS after injury is essential for improving screening, prevention, and early intervention efforts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.