ArticleMedicine and science in sports and exercise2018
New Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Children.
Article in Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Brazilian Guideline for Exercise Testing in Children and Adolescents - 2024.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Guideline
- Enhancing Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Complex Congenital Heart Disease: The Role of Spirometry, Body Composition, and Handgrip Strength.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Review
- Percentile-basedERJ open research · 2026Article
- Article
- Long-term impaired exercise capacity and oxygen consumption in Kawasaki disease patients.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Elite Athletes: Rethinking Sports Classification.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Long-term exercise capacity in paediatric cystic fibrosis: a modern era perspective.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Children and Adolescents with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: Mechanisms of Exercise Intolerance and Clinical Implications.Pediatric cardiology · 2025Article
- The Canadian Lung Outcomes in Users of Vaping Devices (CLOUD) Study: protocol for a prospective, observational cohort study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Impact of Excess Adiposity on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children and Adolescents with Kawasaki Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Handgrip strength predicts leg power but not cardiorespiratory fitness in children.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Percentage Predicted Peak Oxygen Consumption in People With Fontan Circulation: A Rapid Systematic Scoping Review and Validation Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Deriving fontan-specific normative exercise data from well-functioning adolescents.International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease · 2024Article
- Development of a Pediatric Cardiology Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Database.Pediatric cardiology · 2024Article
- Impact of Idiopathic Scoliosis on the Cardiopulmonary Capacity of Adolescents.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Myocardial function, mechanics and work by echocardiography in adolescents with severe obesity.Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism · 2024Article
- Guidance and standard operating procedures for functional exercise testing in cystic fibrosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Review
- When two Z-scores meet-analysis of exercise capacity of children and adolescents with Kawasaki disease by a new Z-score model of coronary artery and a new Z-score evaluating peak oxygen consumption : Coronary artery Z-score and peakVO2 Z-score in KD.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Children and Young Adolescents after a Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: Physical Deconditioning or Residual Pathology?Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Association between Cardiopulmonary Capacity and Body Mass Composition in Children and Adolescents with High Body Weight: A Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCardiopulmonary exercise testing is an essential tool to assess cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children. There is a paucity of adequate pediatric reference values that are independent of body size and pubertal stage. The purpose of this study is to provide Z score equations for several maximal and submaximal CRF parameters derived from a prospectively recruited sample of healthy children.
methodsIn this cross-sectional multicenter study, we prospectively recruited 228 healthy children 12 to 17 yr old in local schools. We performed a symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing progressive ramp protocol on an electronically braked cycle ergometer. Eighteen CRF parameters were analyzed. We tested several regression models to obtain prediction curves that minimized residual association with age, body size, and pubertal stage. Both the predicted mean and the predicted SD were modeled to account for heteroscedasticity.
resultsWe identified nonlinear association of CRF parameters with body size and significant heteroscedasticity. To normalize CRF parameters, the use of a single body size variable was not sufficient. We therefore used multivariable models with various combination of height, corrected body mass, and age. Final prediction models yielded adjusted CRF parameters that were independent of age, sex, body mass, height, body mass index, and Tanner stages.
conclusionsWe present Z score equations for several CRF parameters derived from a healthy pediatric population. These reference values provide updated predicted means and range of normality that are independent of sex and body size. Further testing is needed to assess if these reference values increase sensitivity and specificity to identify abnormal cardiorespiratory response in children with chronic diseases.
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