ReviewCurrent pharmaceutical design2018
Probiotics and Paraprobiotics in Viral Infection: Clinical Application and Effects on the Innate and Acquired Immune Systems.
Review in Current pharmaceutical design, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 169 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of probiotics on virus titres and antibody production in virus diseases: A systematic review on recent evidence for COVID-19 treatment.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2021Pooled it
- Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review.Diabetes & metabolic syndromePooled it
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Throat Spray with Selected Lactobacilli in COVID-19 Outpatients.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Trial
- Impact of Infectious Disease afterNutrients · 2022Trial
- Effectiveness of Multistrain Probiotic Formulation on Common Infectious Disease Symptoms and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Flu-Vaccinated Healthy Elderly Subjects.BioMed research international · 2022Trial
- Benefits that Death Does Not Part: the Promise of Postbiotics for Bone Health.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- The Role of Probiotics and Their Postbiotic Metabolites in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exploring the Therapeutic Landscape of Probiotics in Enteric and Respiratory Viral Infections.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- The Interplay Between Nutrition and Microbiota and the Role of Probiotics and Symbiotics in Pediatric Infectious Diseases.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis: Microbiome, Inflammation, and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Review
- Gut-Brain Axis: Role of Microbiome, Metabolomics, Hormones, and Stress in Mental Health Disorders.Cells · 2024Review
- The Prevention of Viral Infections: The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Nutritional Factors.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Comparison of DASH diet score and total antioxidant capacity of diet on serum levels of TMPRSS-2, inflammatory biomarkers, and disease severity in COVID-19 patients: A case-control study.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- The effect of probioticHeliyon · 2024Article
- Clinical Evidence on the Potential Beneficial Effects of Diet and Dietary Supplements against COVID-19 Infection Risk and Symptoms' Severity.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Nuxcell NeoFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- The impact of aging-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis on dendritic cells and lung diseases.Gut microbes · 2023Review
- Probiotic therapy, African fermented foods and food-derived bioactive peptides in the management of SARS-CoV-2 cases and other viral infections.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Review
- Aged brain and neuroimmune responses to COVID-19: post-acute sequelae and modulatory effects of behavioral and nutritional interventions.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2023Review
- Effect of probiotics as an immune modulator for the management of COVID-19.Archives of microbiology · 2023Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recently, the risk of viral infection has dramatically increased owing to changes in human ecology such as global warming and an increased geographical movement of people and goods. However, the efficacy of vaccines and remedies for infectious diseases is limited by the high mutation rates of viruses, especially, RNA viruses. Here, we comprehensively review the effectiveness of several probiotics and paraprobiotics (sterilized probiotics) for the prevention or treatment of virally-induced infectious diseases. We discuss the unique roles of these agents in modulating the cross-talk between commensal bacteria and the mucosal immune system. In addition, we provide an overview of the unique mechanism by which viruses are eliminated through the stimulation of type 1 interferon production by probiotics and paraprobiotics via the activation of dendritic cells. Although further detailed research is necessary in the future, probiotics and/or paraprobiotics are expected to be among the rational adjunctive options for the treatment of various viral diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.