ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2018
Standing Height as a Prevention Measure for Overuse Injuries of the Back in Alpine Ski Racing: A Kinematic and Kinetic Study of Giant Slalom.
Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Technology on Snow and Ice: Innovation, Monitoring, and Performance for the Olympic Winter Games Milano Cortina 2026.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Review
- International Ski and Snowboard Federation consensus statement on warm-up and cool-down in competitive alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
- Skill-Specific Differences in Equipment-Related Risk Factors for ACL Injury in Male and Female Recreational Skiers.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
- Addressing the unresolved challenge of quantifying skiing exposure-A proof of concept using smartphone sensors.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Article
- Article
- The Use of Wearable Sensors for Preventing, Assessing, and Informing Recovery from Sport-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Systematic Scoping Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Repeated practice runs during on-snow training do not generate any measurable neuromuscular alterations in elite alpine skiers.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Article
- Estimation of Joint Moments During Turning Maneuvers in Alpine Skiing Using a Three Dimensional Musculoskeletal Skier Model and a Forward Dynamics Optimization Framework.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Asymmetries in Ground Reaction Forces During Turns by Elite Slalom Alpine Skiers Are Not Related to Asymmetries in Muscular Strength.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Spinal injury in alpine winter sports: a review.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2019Review
- Reducing the back overuse-related risks in alpine ski racing: let's put research into sports practice.British journal of sports medicine · 2019Article
- Alpine Ski Racing Injuries.Sports healthReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn alpine ski racing, typical loading patterns of the back include a combined occurrence of spinal bending, torsion, and high peak loads. These factors are known to be associated with high spinal disc loading and have been suggested to be attributable to different types of spine deterioration. However, little is known about the effect of standing height (ie, the distance between the bottom of the running surface of the ski and the ski boot sole) on the aforementioned back loading patterns. PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of reduced standing height on the skier's overall trunk kinematics and the acting ground-reaction forces in giant slalom (GS) from an overuse injury prevention perspective. STUDY
designControlled laboratory study.
methodsSeven European Cup-level athletes skied a total of 224 GS turns with 2 different pairs of skis varying in standing height. Their overall trunk movement (frontal bending, lateral bending, and torsion angles) was measured based on 2 inertial measurement units located at the sacrum and sternum. Pressure insoles were used to determine the total ground-reaction force.
resultsDuring the turn phase in which the greatest spinal disc loading is expected to occur, significantly lower total ground-reaction forces were observed for skis with a decreased standing height. Simultaneously, the skier's overall trunk movement (ie, frontal bending, lateral bending, and torsion angles) remained unwaveringly high.
conclusionStanding height is a reasonable measure to reduce the skier's overall back loading in GS. Yet, when compared with the effects achievable by increased gate offsets in slalom, for instance, the preventative benefits of decreased standing height seem to be rather small. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To reduce the magnitude of overall back loading in GS and to prevent overuse injuries of the back, decreasing standing height might be an efficient approach. Nevertheless, the clinical relevance of the current findings, as well as the effectiveness of the measure "reduced standing height," must be verified by epidemiological studies before its preventative potential can be judged as conclusive.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.