Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29343560›Full record

ArticleBiology letters2018

Primate social group sizes exhibit a regular scaling pattern with natural attractors.

R I M Dunbar, Padraig Mac Carron, Susanne Shultz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biology letters, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Socioecological complexity in primate groups and its cognitive correlates.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Why friendship and loneliness affect our health.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Laughter and its role in the evolution of human social bonding.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

R I M DunbarDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, New Richards Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK robin.dunbar@psy.ox.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-9982-9702
Padraig Mac CarronDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, New Richards Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK.
Susanne ShultzSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7135-4880

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Primate groups vary considerably in size across species. Nonetheless, the distribution of mean species group size has a regular scaling pattern with preferred sizes approximating 2.5, 5, 15, 30 and 50 individuals (although strepsirrhines lack the latter two), with a scaling ratio of approximately 2.5 similar to that observed in human social networks. These clusters appear to form distinct social grades that are associated with rapid evolutionary change, presumably in response to intense environmental selection pressures. These findings may have wider implications for other highly social mammal taxa.

Indexed as

EnvironmentSocial BehaviorAnimalsBiological EvolutionPopulation DensityPrimatesclusteringevolutionary ratesfemale cohortoptimal group sizesocial networks

Identifiers

PMID29343560
PMCPMC5803586

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.