ArticleDiabetes care2018
Early Infant Diet and Islet Autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study.
Article in Diabetes care, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- A Secular Increase in the Incidence of Islet Autoimmunity Among Colorado Children With Moderate-Risk HLA Genotypes.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Association of exclusive breast feeding and early cereal introduction with the development of Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Environmental Mechanisms Influencing the Pathogenesis and Progression of Type 1 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Specification curve analysis of the TEDDY study reveals large variation in microbiome-based T1D predictive performance.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- The Heterogeneity of Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment-2024 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- The heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes: implications for pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment-2024 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Looking back at the TEDDY study: lessons and future directions.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Dietary Components in the Pathogenesis and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes in Children.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2025Review
- Cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes in two cohorts of children with different national gluten recommendations in infancy.Acta diabetologica · 2024Article
- HLA Genotype and Probiotics Modify the Association Between Timing of Solid Food Introduction and Islet Autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- Possible heterogeneity of initial pancreatic islet beta-cell autoimmunity heralding type 1 diabetes.Journal of internal medicine · 2023Review
- Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes.Current cardiology reports · 2022Review
- Integration of Infant Metabolite, Genetic, and Islet Autoimmunity Signatures to Predict Type 1 Diabetes by Age 6 Years.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Evidence and possible mechanisms of probiotics in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- Nanovesicles FromFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Regulation of Pancreatic β-Cell Mass by Gene-Environment Interaction.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2022Review
- Characteristics of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before vs after 6 years of age in the TEDDY cohort study.Diabetologia · 2021Article
- The Multifactorial Progression from the Islet Autoimmunity to Type 1 Diabetes in Children.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 10 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine duration of breastfeeding and timing of complementary foods and risk of islet autoimmunity (IA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThe Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study prospectively follows 8,676 children with increased genetic risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the U.S., Finland, Germany, and Sweden. This study included 7,563 children with at least 9 months of follow-up. Blood samples were collected every 3 months from birth to evaluate IA, defined as persistent, confirmed positive antibodies to insulin (IAAs), GAD, or insulinoma antigen-2. We examined the associations between diet and the risk of IA using Cox regression models adjusted for country, T1D family history, HLA genotype, sex, and early probiotic exposure. Additionally, we investigated martingale residuals and log-rank statistics to determine cut points for ages of dietary exposures.
resultsLater introduction of gluten was associated with increased risk of any IA and IAA. The hazard ratios (HRs) for every 1-month delay in gluten introduction were 1.05 (95% CI 1.01, 1.10;
conclusionsThe timing of gluten-containing cereals and IA should be studied further.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.