ArticleEBioMedicine2018
Scarlet Fever Epidemic in China Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes Serotype M12: Epidemiologic and Molecular Analysis.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Genomic epidemiology and molecular characterization ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Emergence of distinct Streptococcus pyogenes emm1 and emm12 lineages in China.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Contact Patterns Drive Age-Structured Transmission Dynamics and Seasonality of Scarlet Fever.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Horizontal transfer of ΦHKU.vir and its role in the evolution of acapsular emm89 group A Streptococcus in Taiwan.Infection · 2026Article
- Integrating Deep Learning Models with Genome-Wide Association Study-Based Identification Enhanced Phenotype Predictions in Group AJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Post-pandemic upsurge of group A streptococcus infections: potential link to impaired herd trained immunity following COVID-19 lockdowns.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The intricate pathogenicity of Group AVirulence · 2024Review
- Clinical Snapshot of Group A Streptococcal Isolates from an Australian Tertiary Hospital.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of scarlet fever in Victoria, Australia, 2007-2017.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Epidemiological changes of scarlet fever before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Chongqing, China: a 19-year surveillance and prediction study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Assessing the impact of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions and relaxation policies on Class B respiratory infectious diseases transmission in China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Molecular characterization ofMicrobial genomics · 2024Article
- EmergentInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Observational
- Mechanisms that potentially contribute to the development of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.Pathogens and disease · 2024Review
- Epidemiological Characteristics and Trends of Scarlet Fever in Zhejiang Province of China: Population-Based Surveillance during 2004-2022.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024Article
- Early Warning and Prediction of Scarlet Fever in China Using the Baidu Search Index and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average With Explanatory Variable (ARIMAX) Model: Time Series Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Recrudescence of Scarlet Fever and Its Implications for Dental Professionals.International dental journal · 2023Review
- Incidence and trends of 17 notifiable bacterial infectious diseases in China, 2004-2019.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
From 2011, Hong Kong and mainland China have witnessed a sharp increase in reported cases, with subsequent reports of epidemic scarlet fever in North Asia and the United Kingdom. Here we examine epidemiological data and investigate the genomic context of the predominantly serotype M12 Streptococcus pyogenes scarlet fever isolates from mainland China. Incident case data was obtained from the Chinese Nationwide Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System. The relative risk of scarlet fever in recent outbreak years 2011-2016 was calculated using the median age-standardised incidence rate, compared to years 2003-2010 prior this outbreak. Whole genome sequencing was performed on 32 emm12 scarlet fever isolates and 13 emm12 non-scarlet fever isolates collected from different geographic regions of China, and compared with 203 published emm12 S. pyogenes genomes predominantly from scarlet fever outbreaks in Hong Kong (n=134) and the United Kingdom (n=63). We found during the outbreak period (2011-2016), the median age-standardised incidence in China was 4.14/100,000 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.11-4.18), 2.62-fold higher (95% CI 2.57-2.66) than that of 1.58/100,000 (95% CI 1.56-1.61) during the baseline period prior to the outbreak (2003-2010). Highest incidence was reported for children 5years of age (80.5/100,000). Streptococcal toxin encoding prophage φHKU.vir and φHKU.ssa in addition to the macrolide and tetracycline resistant ICE-emm12 and ICE-HKU397 elements were found amongst mainland China multi-clonal emm12 isolates suggesting a role in selection and expansion of scarlet fever lineages in China. Global dissemination of toxin encoded prophage has played a role in the expansion of scarlet fever emm12 clones. These findings emphasize the role of comprehensive surveillance approaches for monitoring of epidemic human disease.
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