ArticleNature communications2018
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor controls neural and behavioral plasticity in response to cocaine.
Article in Nature communications, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 278 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of cocaine use reduction on markers of immune function.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2024Trial
- The neuroimmune-glutamate hypothesis of addiction.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial calcium influx-driven bioenergetics selectively enable drug addiction.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- E2F3a transcription factor mediates behavioral, cellular, and DNA-protein regulation of cocaine reward in the nucleus accumbens.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cocaine Upregulates Microglial Lipid Droplet Formation Through Increasing Lipid Synthesis Activity In Vitro and In Vivo.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor acts through calcium-permeable AMPA receptors to potentiate cocaine reward.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Reaction Mechanism, Challenges, and Strategies of High-Energy-Density Sodium-Ion Batteries.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic signatures in tetrapartite brain region identifies shared and unique gene signatures for substance-use.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- From bugs to behavior: targeting the gut-brain interface for addiction therapeutics.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Potential roles for microglia in drug addiction: Adolescent neurodevelopment and beyond.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Review
- The Bidirectional Interplay Between Substances of Abuse and Gut Microbiome Homeostasis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Characterization of serum and brain cytokine levels following prolonged binge-like methamphetamine self-administration and cued methamphetamine seeking.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Article
- Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) as a gut microbiome dependent immune factor that alters molecular and behavioral responses to cocaine in male mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- Treating late-onset Tay Sachs disease: Brain delivery with a dual trojan horse protein.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Article
- Circuit-Wide Gene Network Analysis Reveals Sex-Specific Roles for Phosphodiesterase 1b in Cocaine Addiction.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Causal Association of Cytokines and Growth Factors with Stroke and Its Subtypes: a Mendelian Randomization Study.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Impaired extinction of cocaine seeking in HIV-infected mice is accompanied by peripheral and central immune dysregulation.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Clinical and Preclinical Evidence for Gut Microbiome Mechanisms in Substance Use Disorders.Biological psychiatry · 2024Review
- Dysregulation of Plasma Growth Factors and Chemokines in Cocaine Use Disorder: Implications for Dual Diagnosis with Schizophrenia and Antisocial Personality Disorder in an Exploratory Study.Neuropsychobiology · 2024Article
- Microglia-mediated calcium-permeable AMPAR accumulation in the nucleus accumbens drives hyperlocomotion during cocaine withdrawal.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is characterized by dysfunction in reward-related brain circuits, leading to maladaptive motivation to seek and take the drug. There are currently no clinically available pharmacotherapies to treat cocaine addiction. Through a broad screen of innate immune mediators, we identify granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a potent mediator of cocaine-induced adaptations. Here we report that G-CSF potentiates cocaine-induced increases in neural activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex. In addition, G-CSF injections potentiate cocaine place preference and enhance motivation to self-administer cocaine, while not affecting responses to natural rewards. Infusion of G-CSF neutralizing antibody into NAc blocks the ability of G-CSF to modulate cocaine's behavioral effects, providing a direct link between central G-CSF action in NAc and cocaine reward. These results demonstrate that manipulating G-CSF is sufficient to alter the motivation for cocaine, but not natural rewards, providing a pharmacotherapeutic avenue to manipulate addictive behaviors without abuse potential.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.