ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2018
Evolution of Intravitreal Therapy for Retinal Diseases-From CMV to CNV: The LXXIV Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture.
Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral lamivudine in diabetic macular edema: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Trial
- Silicone oil tamponade in vitreoretinal surgery and future perspective: a narrative review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Changes in demographics and treatment trends in neovascular age-related macular degeneration during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Safety of Long-Acting Intravitreal Hydrogels: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Intraocular Pressure and Retinal Integrity across Rabbit and Non-Human Primate Models.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
- Timing and Determinants of Postinjection Endophthalmitis after First-Time Anti-VEGF Administration: A Retrospective National Study in the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight).Ophthalmology. Retina · 2026Article
- Evaluating the effectiveness of different topical anesthetic methods in reducing pain during intravitreal injections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Review
- Visual Outcomes Following Infectious Endophthalmitis from Intravitreal Injections of Biologic Drugs: An Intelligent Research in Sight Registry Retrospective Analysis.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- From bench to bed: The evolution of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Correlation between blood glucose levels and endophthalmitis risk after intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Guiding syringe selection for intravitreal injections: injectability and stability analysis of compounded pegcetacoplan (SYFOVRE) and the broader implications for high-viscosity ophthalmic therapies.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Article
- Geometry-Based Intravitreal Pharmacokinetics: A Theoretical Pharmacokinetic Modeling Study Using Triamcinolone Acetonide and Vancomycin as Representative Intravitreal Agents.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Comparison of Clinician Review Time and Confidence with Optical Coherence Tomography Digital versus Print-Based Workflows: A Pilot Observer Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Intravitreal therapy-success stories and challenges.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2025Review
- Optic Nerve Head Structural Changes After Intravitreal Injection.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Comprehensive Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of High Melanin Binder Levofloxacin in Rabbits Shows Potential of Topical Eye Drops for Posterior Segment Treatment.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Doxorubicin-loaded DNA origami nanostructures: stability in vitreous and their uptake and toxicity in ocular cells.Nanoscale · 2024Article
- Similar Risk of Kidney Failure among Patients with Blinding Diseases Who Receive Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, and Bevacizumab: An Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Network Study.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2024Observational
- Article
- Recent Progress of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as Ocular Drug Delivery Platforms.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo present the evolution of intravitreal therapy for retinal diseases and its impact on clinical practice.
designRetrospective literature review and personal perspective.
methodsRetrospective literature review and personal perspective.
resultsPharmacotherapeutic advances in retinal disease have been remarkable over the last 25 years. Almost all of the new drugs developed have required intravitreal administration to be highly effective, leading to an exponential increase in the annual number of intravitreal injections given. The use of intravitreal antibiotic injections to treat endophthalmitis, usually on a one-time basis, first familiarized ophthalmologists with this method of drug delivery. Ganciclovir was the first widely available, relatively inexpensive compounded drug that was used for repeat intravitreal injection to treat a chronic retinal disease, followed by triamcinolone for diabetic macular edema and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ganciclovir was formulated for sustained-release drug delivery to avoid frequent intravitreal injections, a goal that has been more elusive for anti-VEGF drugs. Political obstacles encountered while conducting some of the trials to evaluate these treatments were substantial. Addressing the issues they raised led to important national policy changes that will impact the conduct of future clinical trials. The first comparative efficacy trial of intravitreal therapies was the Comparison of AMD Treatments Trials (CATT). The primary results from CATT and the many publications that followed continue to shape the use of intravitreal therapy today.
conclusionIntravitreal therapy has proven highly effective for the treatment of many retinal diseases. The treatment burden for patients from numerous injections, the cost to health care systems, and the impact on workflows in clinical practice have been substantial. Efforts to develop effective intravitreal therapies with reduced treatment burden and cost are ongoing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.