ReviewVaccines2018
Interaction between Hepatitis B Virus and Toll-Like Receptors: Current Status and Potential Therapeutic Use for Chronic Hepatitis B.
Review in Vaccines, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral Selective TLR8 Agonist Selgantolimod Induces Multiple Immune Cell Responses in Humans.Viruses · 2021Trial
- Liver Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Viral Hepatitis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- The microbiome-EBV axis in carcinogenesis bridges commensal influence and viral oncogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Contradictory Mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis and hepatitis B virus infection activation.Heliyon · 2025Review
- Advances in discovery of novel investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B: A comprehensive review of phases II and III therapeutic agents.World journal of hepatology · 2024Review
- Recent advances in different interactions between toll-like receptors and hepatitis B infection: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- HBV Vaccines: Advances and Development.Vaccines · 2023Review
- HBV Infection and Host Interactions: The Role in Viral Persistence and Oncogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Heterogeneity of immune control in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Clinical implications on immunity with interferon-α treatment and retreatment.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Review
- Long-term hepatitis B virus infection of rhesus macaques requires suppression of host immunity.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Article
- Innovative Therapies Targeting the Virus and the Host for Treating Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: From Bench to Bedside.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Interaction between the Hepatitis B Virus and Cellular FLIP Variants in Viral Replication and the Innate Immune System.Viruses · 2022Review
- Hepatitis B Flare in Hepatitis B e Antigen-Negative Patients: A Complicated Cascade of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Association of Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Expression in Placenta and Intrauterine Exposure to Hepatitis B Virus.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Regulation of Pattern-Recognition Receptor Signaling by HBX During Hepatitis B Virus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immunity orchestrates adaptive immune responses in HBV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- CpG-C ODN M362 as an immunoadjuvant for HBV therapeutic vaccine reverses the systemic tolerance against HBV.International journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune defense against infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is complex and involves both host innate and adaptive immune systems. It is well accepted that the development of sufficient HBV-specific T cell and B cell responses are required for controlling an HBV infection. However, the contribution of innate immunity to removing HBV has been explored in recent years. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are recognized as the first line of antiviral immunity because they initiate intracellular signaling pathways to induce antiviral mediators such as interferons (IFNs) and other cytokines. Recent studies show that the activation of TLR-mediated signaling pathways results in a suppression of HBV replication in vitro and in vivo. However, HBV has also evolved strategies to counter TLR responses including the suppression of TLR expression and the blockage of downstream signaling pathways. Antiviral treatment in chronic HBV-infected patients leads to an upregulation of TLR expression and the restoration of its innate antiviral functions. Thus, TLR activation may serve as an additional immunotherapeutic option for treating chronic HBV infection in combination with antiviral treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.