ArticleNanoscale2018
Recombinant phosphatidylserine-binding nanobodies for targeting of extracellular vesicles to tumor cells: a plug-and-play approach.
Article in Nanoscale, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Extracellular vesicles in solid tumors: from tumor ecology to engineered therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles as therapeutic agents for retinal ganglion cell degeneration: current challenges and future prospects.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- A click-crosslinked dopamine-functionalized hydrogel for therapeutic delivery of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.Biomaterials science · 2026Article
- The Mechanistic Review of the Molecular Interface of RNA-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles: Redefining Targeted Therapy for Autoimmune Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A nanobody against CD63 for non-destructive exosome labeling.Biology direct · 2026Article
- Bioengineering of extracellular vesicles with scaffold proteins for drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- A novel scalable method for the production of rennet-treated milk-derived extracellular vesicles for improved curcumin oral delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- A game of hide-and-seek: how extracellular vesicles evade the immune system.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Engineering of CD63 Enables Selective Extracellular Vesicle Cargo Loading and Enhanced Payload Delivery.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Article
- Extracellular vesicles as drug and gene delivery vehicles in central nervous system diseases.Biomaterials science · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as Tools for Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier to Treat Lysosomal Storage Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicle-mediated chemoresistance in breast cancer: focus on miRNA cargo.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2025Review
- EV-Elute: A universal platform for the enrichment of functional surface marker-defined extracellular vesicle subpopulations.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Antibody-displaying extracellular vesicles for targeted cancer therapy.Nature biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Tailoring of apoptotic bodies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications:advances, challenges, and prospects.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Exploring the clinical transition of engineered exosomes designed for intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins.Stem cells translational medicine · 2024Review
- Approaches to Characterize and Quantify Extracellular Vesicle Surface Conjugation Efficiency.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Genetically encoding multiple functionalities into extracellular vesicles for the targeted delivery of biologics to T cells.Nature biomedical engineering · 2024Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly being recognized as candidate drug delivery systems due to their ability to functionally transfer biological cargo between cells. However, manipulation of targeting properties of EVs through engineering of the producer cells can be challenging and time-consuming. As a novel approach to confer tumor targeting properties to isolated EVs, we generated recombinant fusion proteins of nanobodies against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) fused to phosphatidylserine (PS)-binding domains of lactadherin (C1C2). C1C2-nanobody fusion proteins were expressed in HEK293 cells and isolated from culture medium with near-complete purity as determined by SDS-PAGE. Fusion proteins specifically bound PS and showed no affinity for other common EV membrane lipids. Furthermore, C1C2 fused to anti-EGFR nanobodies (EGa1-C1C2) bound EGFR with high affinity and competed with binding of its natural ligand EGF, as opposed to C1C2 fused to non-targeting control nanobodies (R2-C1C2). Both proteins readily self-associated onto membranes of EVs derived from erythrocytes and Neuro2A cells without affecting EV size and integrity. EV-bound R2-C1C2 did not influence EV-cell interactions, whereas EV-bound EGa1-C1C2 dose-dependently enhanced specific binding and uptake of EVs by EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. In conclusion, we developed a novel strategy to efficiently and universally confer tumor targeting properties to PS-exposing EVs after their isolation, without affecting EV characteristics, circumventing the need to modify EV-secreting cells. This strategy may also be employed to decorate EVs with other moieties, including imaging probes or therapeutic proteins.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.