ArticleThe American journal of drug and alcohol abuse2018
Pharmacogenetic analysis of opioid dependence treatment dose and dropout rate.
Article in The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00315341 (Starting Treatment With Agonist Replacement Therapies), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Starting Treatment With Agonist Replacement Therapies (START)
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between rs1799971 in the mu opioid receptor gene and methadone maintenance treatment response.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Pooled it
- Opioid agonist treatment for people who are dependent on pharmaceutical opioids.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Genetic Influence on Extended-Release Naltrexone Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder: An Exploratory Study.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- The Relevance of Pharmacokinetic Biomarkers in Response to Methadone Treatment: A Systematic Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Opioid Monitoring in Clinical Settings: Strategies and Implications of Tailored Approaches for Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Evaluation of adherence monitoring in buprenorphine treatment: A pilot study using timed drug assays to determine accuracy of testing.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Article
- Pharmacogenetics of Lethal Opioid Overdose: Review of Current Evidence and Preliminary Results from a Pilot Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Validation of Pharmacogenomic Interaction Probability (PIP) Scores in Predicting Drug-Gene, Drug-Drug-Gene, and Drug-Gene-Gene Interaction Risks in a Large Patient Population.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Pharmacogenetics of Addiction Therapy.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Goofballing of Opioid and Methamphetamine: The Science Behind the Deadly Cocktail.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- A review of the existing literature on buprenorphine pharmacogenomics.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2021Review
- Evaluation of Phenotypic and Genotypic Variations of Drug Metabolising Enzymes and Transporters in Chronic Pain Patients Facing Adverse Drug Reactions or Non-Response to Analgesics: A Retrospective Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2020Article
- A review of the pharmacogenomics of buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder.Journal of translational genetics and genomics · 2020Article
- Assessing the contribution of opioid- and dopamine-related genetic polymorphisms to the abuse liability of oxycodone.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2019Article
- Relevance of CYP2B6 and CYP2D6 genotypes to methadone pharmacokinetics and response in the OPAL study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Observational
- The importance of buprenorphine research in the opioid crisis.Molecular psychiatry · 2019Article
- Scoping review of associations between cytochrome P450 3A4/5 single nucleotide polymorphisms and risk factors for fentanyl overdose.PharmacogenomicsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCurrently, no pharmacogenetic tests for selecting an opioid-dependence pharmacotherapy have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
objectivesDetermine the effects of variants in 11 genes on dropout rate and dose in patients receiving methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00315341).
methodsVariants in six pharmacokinetic genes (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4) and five pharmacodynamic genes (HTR2A, OPRM1, ADRA2A, COMT, SLC6A4) were genotyped in samples from a 24-week, randomized, open-label trial of methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone for the treatment of opioid dependence (n = 764; 68.7% male). Genotypes were then used to determine the metabolism phenotype for each pharmacokinetic gene. Phenotypes or genotypes for each gene were analyzed for association with dropout rate and mean dose.
resultsGenotype for 5-HTTLPR in the SLC6A4 gene was nominally associated with dropout rate when the methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone groups were combined. When the most significant variants associated with dropout rate were analyzed using pairwise analyses, SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR) and COMT (Val158Met; rs4860) had nominally significant associations with dropout rate in methadone patients. None of the genes analyzed in the study was associated with mean dose of methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone.
conclusionsThis study suggests that functional polymorphisms related to synaptic dopamine or serotonin levels may predict dropout rates during methadone treatment. Patients with the S/S genotype at 5-HTTLPR in SLC6A4 or the Val/Val genotype at Val158Met in COMT may require additional treatment to improve their chances of completing addiction treatment. Replication in other methadone patient populations will be necessary to ensure the validity of these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.