ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2018
Education is the strongest socio-economic predictor of smoking in pregnancy.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Secondary Smoking and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International dental journal · 2025Pooled it
- Parental Educational Attainment at Birth and Biomarkers of Male Fecundity: A Study From the Danish National Birth Cohort.Andrology · 2026Article
- Changes in toothbrushing and factors associated with less than twice daily toothbrushing by the age of four in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Parents' Dental Anxiety in Early Pregnancy and Toothbrushing Stability for Parent and Child Until Age 4-A Longitudinal Study.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Longitudinal study of factors predicting toothbrushing less than twice daily at age 2 years in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.European journal of oral sciences · 2025Article
- Lifetime psychiatric morbidity and maternal smoking behavior in consecutive pregnancies: A Finnish register study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Observational
- Predicting Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Premature Neonates with Intrauterine Growth Restriction Using a Three-Layered Neural Network.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Connection Between Stress and Women's Smoking During the Perinatal Period: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Early Childhood and Later Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scandinavian Birth Cohort Study.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2024Article
- Predictive factors and adverse perinatal outcomes associated with maternal smoking status.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A prediction model for classifying maternal pregnancy smoking using California state birth certificate information.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2024Article
- Different intrauterine environments and children motor development in the first 6 months of life: a prospective longitudinal cohort.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Obesity mediates the opposite association of education and diabetes in Chinese men and women: Results from the REACTION study.Journal of diabetes · 2022Article
- Tobacco Use and Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke amongst Pregnant Women in the United Arab Emirates: The Mutaba'ah Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- A Group Comparison Test under Uncertain Group Membership.Psychometrika · 2021Article
- Design of a prospective follow-up study on early parenthood and smoking behaviour during pregnancy in Finnish primary healthcare.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2021Article
- The cognitive development from childhood to adolescence of low birthweight children born after medically assisted reproduction-a UK longitudinal cohort study.International journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Observational
- Socio-demographic and psychological features associated with smoking in pregnancy.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2021Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
aimsTo investigate socio-economic disparities in smoking in pregnancy (SIP) by the mother's education, occupational class and current economic conditions.
designCross-sectional analysis with linked survey and register data.
settingSouth-western Finland.
participantsA total of 2667 pregnant women [70% of the original sample (n = 3808)] from FinnBrain, a prospective pregnancy cohort study. MEASUREMENTS: The outcome was smoking during the first pregnancy trimester, measured from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Education and occupational class were linked from population registers. Income support recipiency and subjective economic wellbeing were questionnaire-based measures of current economic conditions. These were adjusted for age, partnership status, residential area type, parental separation, parity, childhood socio-economic background, childhood adversities (the Trauma and Distressing Events During Childhood scale) and antenatal stress (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). Logistic regressions and attributable fractions (AF) were estimated.
findingsMother's education was the strongest socio-economic predictor of SIP. Compared with university education, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of SIP were: 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-3.9; P = 0.011] for tertiary vocational education, 4.4 (95% CI = 2.1-9.0; P < 0.001) for combined general and vocational secondary education, 2.9 (95% CI = 1.4-6.1; P = 0.006) for general secondary education, 9.5 (95% CI 5.0-18.2; P < 0.001) for vocational secondary education and 14.4 (95% CI = 6.3-33.0; P < 0.001) for compulsory schooling. The total AF of education was 0.5. Adjusted for the other variables, occupational class and subjective economic wellbeing did not predict SIP. Income support recipiency was associated positively with SIP (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.1-3.1; P = 0.022). Antenatal stress predicted SIP (aOR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.4-2.8; P < 0.001), but did not attenuate its socio-economic disparities.
conclusionsIn Finland, socio-economic disparities in smoking in pregnancy are attributable primarily to differences in the mother's educational level (low versus high) and orientation (vocational versus general).
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