ReviewEuropean journal of heart failure2018
The innate immune system in chronic cardiomyopathy: a European Society of Cardiology (ESC) scientific statement from the Working Group on Myocardial Function of the ESC.
Review in European journal of heart failure, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of immune cell subsets with incident heart failure in two population-based cohorts.ESC heart failure · 2022Pooled it
- Bioresorbable scaffolds vs. drug-eluting stents for patients with myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Myocardial injury in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis: a silent threat.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Antiviral innate immunity in myocarditis: mechanisms and emerging therapeutics.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Risk Stratification and Surveillance in Cardio-Oncology: Mechanistic Foundations and Future Directions.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Natriuretic Peptides as Multisystem Regulators: From Clinical Biomarkers to Therapeutic Targets in Cardio-immunology.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune interactions in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Review
- Pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy and the progression to heart failure: mechanisms and interventions focusing on the "gene-inflammation-metabolism" axis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Integrated Transcriptomic Analyses and Experimental Validation Identify TSPO as a Mitochondria-Associated Therapeutic Target in Myocarditis.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Toll-like receptors in infectious myocarditis: pathogen-specific recognition, spatiotemporal dynamic regulation and clinical translation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Inflammation and genetics in myo-pericardial diseases: Insights from the Italian Study Group on Cardiomyopathies and Pericardial Diseases.ESC heart failure · 2025Review
- CD14 Blockade Modulates Macrophage-Mediated Immunological Injury in a Translational Model of Reperfused ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2025Article
- Early Changes in Cardiac Macrophage Subsets in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- S100A8/9-NLRP3-mediated chronic unresolved inflammation drives cardiac pathologies following invasive pneumococcal disease.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Article
- The Role of TLR4 in Lung Epithelial Cell Injury Caused by Influenza Virus Combined withMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Silicate-based therapy for inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy by inhibiting the vicious cycle of immune inflammation via FOXO signaling.Science advances · 2025Article
- Systemic aging fuels heart failure: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic avenues.ESC heart failure · 2025Review
- Pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy: from mechanisms to precision medicine.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Review
- Eniluracil blocks AREG signalling-induced pro-inflammatory fibroblasts of melanoma in heart failure.ESC heart failure · 2025Article
- Overview of immune checkpoint inhibitor associated myocarditis mechanisms diagnostics and treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Activation of the immune system in heart failure (HF) has been recognized for over 20 years. Initially, experimental studies demonstrated a maladaptive role of the immune system. However, several phase III trials failed to show beneficial effects in HF with therapies directed against an immune activation. Preclinical studies today describe positive and negative effects of immune activation in HF. These different effects depend on timing and aetiology of HF. Therefore, herein we give a detailed review on immune mechanisms and their importance for the development of HF with a special focus on commonalities and differences between different forms of cardiomyopathies. The role of the immune system in ischaemic, hypertensive, diabetic, toxic, viral, genetic, peripartum, and autoimmune cardiomyopathy is discussed in depth. Overall, initial damage to the heart leads to disease specific activation of the immune system whereas in the chronic phase of HF overlapping mechanisms occur in different aetiologies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.