SynthesisEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2018
Which parameters are relevant in sagittal balance analysis of the cervical spine? A literature review.
Synthesis in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sagittal balance of the cervical spine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2021Pooled it
- Demonstration of central conduction time and neuroplastic changes after cervical lordosis rehabilitation in asymptomatic subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- The Reliability of Biomechanical Mensuration Methods of the Sagittal Cervical Spine in Radiography Used in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Radiographic and clinical effects of core stabilization on cervical pain and sagittal balance in forward head posture: a randomized controlled trial.Asian spine journal · 2026Article
- Radiographic Clarity of the External Auditory Meatus as a Cranial Reference Point in Spinal Deformity Patients: A Pilot Interobserver Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of sagittal cervical spine parameters: Normative values, correlation with quality of life, and biomechanical modeling.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Review
- Hierarchical deep learning pipeline for robust cervical parameter measurement in radiographs with C7 obscuration.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- The effects of cervical spine posture on susceptibility to walking balance perturbations.PloS one · 2026Article
- Can preoperative spino-cranial angle predict cervical sagittal imbalance after laminoplasty?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Long-term stability of reducing cervical kyphosis via Chiropractic BiophysicsJournal of physical therapy science · 2026Article
- Biomechanical rational for development of cervical kyphosis deformity: a finite element analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Change in the angle of cervical lordosis after occipito-cervical fixation in the course of instability of C1-C2 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatology international · 2025Article
- The effect of cervical parameters on interlaminar epidural steroid injection treatment outcomes in patients with cervical disc herniation.Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Prognostic Factors in Craniocervical Realignment for Craniovertebral Junction Kyphosis With Negative Cervical Imbalance: A Comprehensive StudyNeurospine · 2025Article
- Development of a deep learning model for measuring sagittal parameters on cervical spine X-ray.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Odontoid parameters in subjects with and without degenerative cervical spondylosis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Targeted anterior expansion of the cervical facet joints achieves indirect foraminal decompression and reduces spondylolisthesis via a posterior approach: a cadaveric study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Can C7 Slope Accurately Substitute for an Invisible T1 Slope According to Age and Cervical Morphology in Cervical Lateral Radiographs?Global spine journal · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCervical spine is part of the spine with the most mobility in the sagittal plane. It is important for surgeons to have reliable, simple and reproducible parameters to analyse the cervical. MATERIAL AND
methodThis study is a systematic review and a critique of current parameters to help improve the study of cervical spinal balance. We conducted a systematic search of PUBMED/MEDLINE for literature published since January 2014. Only studies written in English and containing abstracts were considered for inclusion. The search performed was: «C7 slope» OR «T1 slope» OR «C2C7 offset» OR «C2C7 lordosis» OR «cervical SVA (sagittal vertical axis)» OR «TIA (thoracic inlet angle)» (Lee et al., J Spinal Disord Tech 25(2):E41-E47, 2012) OR «SCA (spino-cranial angle)». Exclusion criteria were purely post-operative and cadaveric analysis, studies performed with CT scan or MRI, studies on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, traumatology studies and no standing analysis of the cervical spine. Relevance was confirmed by investigators if cervical parameters was a major criteria of the study.
results138 articles were found by the electronic search. After complete evaluation 20 articles were selected. The large majority of papers used the same parameters C2_C7 lordosis, C2-C7 SVA, T1 slope or C7 slope and T1 slope/cervical lordosis mismatch. Janusz reported a new parameter using a retrospective cohort of patient with cervical radiculopathy: the TIA (thoracic inlet angle). Le Huec reported an other new parameter based on a prospective study of asymptomatic volunteer: the spino-cranial angle (SCA). This parameter is highly correlated with the C7 slope and the cervical lordosis. Other studies reported parameters that are more global balance analysis including the cervical spine than cervical spine balance itself.
conclusionThe most important parameters to analyse the cervical sagittal balance according to the literature available today for good clinical outcomes are the following: C7 or T1 slope, average value 20°, must not be higher than 40°. cSVA must not be less than 40°C (mean value 20 mm). SCA (spine cranial angle) must stay in a norm (83° ± 9°). Future studies should focus on those three parameters to analyse and compare pre and post op data and to correlate the results with the quality of life improvement.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.