ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2018
Neurologic complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibody-positive paraneoplastic neurological syndromes associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Immune-related aseptic meningitis and strategies to manage immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Exploring the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the etiology of myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: A systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- EULAR points to consider for the diagnosis and management of rheumatic immune-related adverse events due to cancer immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2021Guideline
- Acute Neurological Complications of Brain Tumors and Immune Therapies, a Guideline for the Neuro-hospitalist.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2020Guideline
- Fatal Toxic Effects Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA oncology · 2018Pooled it
- Fulminant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Encephalitis (ICI-Encephalitis) Presenting Rapidly After First Infusion of Nivolumab: A Case Report.Case reports in oncological medicine · 2026Article
- Overcoming immunotherapy barriers in pediatric brain tumors: epigenetic strategies.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Multidimensional Assessment of Neurological Adverse Reactions Related to PD-1 Inhibitors: A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Unmasking a Paradox: Roles of the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis in Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Neuroinflammation.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myopathy: The Double-Edged Sword of Cancer Immunotherapy.Neurology · 2024Review
- Myasthenia gravis due to anti-PD-1 treatment for an advanced colon cancer patient: a case report and literature review.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Anti-aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G/anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G double-positive paraneoplastic neurological syndrome in a patient with triple-negative breast cancer.Clinical & experimental neuroimmunology · 2024Article
- Targeting CD73 with flavonoids inhibits cancer stem cells and increases lymphocyte infiltration in a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Exploring a Rarity: Incidence of and Therapeutic Approaches for Neurological Complications and Hypophysitis in Cancer Patients on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-A Single-Center Study.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Article
- Encephalitis in a patient with hypopharynx cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy: a case report and review of the literature.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Predictors for the development of neurological immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors and impact on mortality.European journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Inhibitor-Mediated Peripheral Neuropathy.JTO clinical and research reports · 2023Review
- Article
- Myasthenia Gravis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Emerging Neurotoxicity in Neuro-Oncology Practice: Case Series.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) have recently emerged as a novel treatment for cancer. These agents, transforming the field of oncology, are not devoid of toxicity and cause immune-related side effects which can involve any organ including the nervous system. In this study, we present 9 patients (7 men and 2 women) with neurologic complications secondary to ICPI treatment. These included meningoencephalitis, limbic encephalitis, polyradiculitis, cranial polyneuropathy, myasthenic syndrome and myositis. Four patients received dual ICPI therapy comprised of programmed cell death-1 and cytotoxic lymphocyte associated protein-4 blocking antibodies. Median time to onset of neurologic adverse event during immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment was 8 weeks (range 5 days-19 weeks). In all patients ICPIs were stopped and corticosteroids were initiated, resulting in a marked improvement in seven out of nine patients. Two patients, one with myositis and one with myasthenic syndrome, died. In two patients ICPI therapy was resumed after resolution of the neurological adverse event with no additional neurologic complications. This series highlights the very broad spectrum of neurological complications of ICPIs, emphasizes the need for expedited diagnosis and suggests that withholding treatment early, accompanied with steroid therapy, carries the potential of complete resolution of the neurological immune-mediated condition. Thus, a high level of suspicion and rapid initiation of corticosteroids are mandatory to prevent uncontrolled clinical deterioration, which might be fatal.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.