ArticleBMC public health2018
Microcephaly epidemic related to the Zika virus and living conditions in Recife, Northeast Brazil.
Article in BMC public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Socioeconomic risk markers of arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2022Pooled it
- Zika virus infection as a cause of congenital brain abnormalities and Guillain-Barré syndrome: A living systematic review.F1000Research · 2019Pooled it
- Seroprevalence, risk factor, and spatial analyses of Zika virus infection after the 2016 epidemic in Managua, Nicaragua.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Trial
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- Leveraging Climate Data Through Intelligent Systems for the Prediction of Arbovirus Transmission byInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Social determinants impact both viral infections and brain development.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Trends and cross-country inequities by region, sex, age in the mortality, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years of COVID-19: Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Impact of Coinfection and Superinfection on Chikungunya and Mayaro Viruses' Replication inMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Mapping the risk of Zika virus infections in pregnant persons and microcephaly in newborns in relation to socioeconomic indicators in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil: A spatial analysis (2015 to 2021).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- The Global Polycrisis and Health Inequalities.International journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2025Article
- Spatial Analysis of Tuberculosis, COVID-19, and Tuberculosis/COVID-19 Coinfection in Recife, PE, Brazil.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Syndemic Factors Associated with Zika Virus Infection Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Cohort of Women Living in Endemic Areas for Arboviruses in Northeast Brazil.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Early and Long-Term Adverse Outcomes of In Utero Zika Exposure.Pediatrics · 2025Article
- Congenital Zika syndrome: geographical access to the health care network.Revista de saude publica · 2025Article
- Saxitoxin potentiates human neuronal cell death induced by Zika virus while sparing neural progenitors and astrocytes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- High-Risk Areas for Congenital Zika Syndrome in Rio de Janeiro: Spatial Cluster Detection.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Seroprevalence of Zika in Brazil stratified by age and geographic distribution.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Seroprevalence of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika at the epicenter of the congenital microcephaly epidemic in Northeast Brazil: A population-based survey.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Natural variation in gene expression and viral susceptibility revealed by neural progenitor cell villages.Cell stem cell · 2023Article
- Identifying hidden Zika hotspots in Pernambuco, Brazil: a spatial analysis.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2023Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Abstract
backgroundStarting in August 2015, there was an increase in the number of cases of neonatal microcephaly in Northeast Brazil. These findings were identified as being an epidemic of microcephaly related to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. The present study aims to analyse the spatial distribution of microcephaly cases in Recife (2015-2016), which is in Northeast Brazil, and its association with the living conditions in this city.
methodsThis was an ecological study that used data from reported cases of microcephaly from the State Health Department of Pernambuco (August 2015 to July 2016). The basic spatial unit of analysis was the 94 districts of Recife. The case definition of microcephaly was: neonates with a head circumference of less than the cut-off point of -2 standard deviations below the mean value from the established Fenton growth curve. As an indicator of the living conditions of the 94 districts, the percentage of heads of households with an income of less than twice the minimum wage was calculated. The districts were classified into four homogeneous strata using the K-means clustering algorithm. We plotted the locations of each microcephaly case over a layer of living conditions.
resultsDuring the study period, 347 microcephaly cases were reported, of which 142 (40.9%) fulfilled the definition of a microcephaly case. Stratification of the 94 districts resulted in the identification of four strata. The highest stratum in relation to the living conditions presented the lowest prevalence rate of microcephaly, and the overall difference between this rate and the rates of the other strata was statistically significant. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated that there was a strong association between a higher prevalence of microcephaly and poor living conditions. After the first 6 months of the study period, there were no microcephaly cases recorded within the population living in the richest socio-economic strata.
conclusionThis study showed that those residing in areas with precarious living conditions had a higher prevalence of microcephaly compared with populations with better living conditions.
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