ArticleRetrovirology2018
The HIV-1 accessory proteins Nef and Vpu downregulate total and cell surface CD28 in CD4
Article in Retrovirology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying Conserved Regions in HIV-1 Proteins by Entropy Analysis of Sequence Variability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Effects of acute THC challenge on behavior and neuroinflammation in HIV-1 Tg26 mice vary based on HIV status, chronic THC history, and sex.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Ancestral reconstruction supports that loss of Nef-mediated T cell modulation coincided with the emergence of pathogenic lentiviruses.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Profiling HIV1-host protein-protein interaction networks in patient-derived exosome proteins: impact on pathophysiology and innate immune pathways.Virology journal · 2025Article
- The role of Nef in the long-term persistence of the replication-competent HIV reservoir in South African women.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The role of Nef in the long-term persistence of the replication-competent HIV reservoir in South African women.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Autophagy-enhancing ATG16L1 polymorphism is associated with improved clinical outcome and T-cell immunity in chronic HIV-1 infection.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Downregulation of CCR5 on brain perivascular macrophages in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- HIV-Host Cell Interactions.Cells · 2023Review
- The NeuroinflammatoryPotential of HIV-1 NefVariants in Modulating the Gene Expression Profile of Astrocytes.Cells · 2022Article
- Detection of the HIV-1 Accessory Proteins Nef and Vpu by Flow Cytometry Represents a New Tool to Study Their Functional Interplay within a Single Infected CD4Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Comparative Analysis of T-Cell Spatial Proteomics and the Influence of HIV Expression.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2022Article
- Unravelling the Immunomodulatory Effects of Viral Ion Channels, towards the Treatment of Disease.Viruses · 2021Review
- An Amino Acid Polymorphism within the HIV-1 Nef Dileucine Motif Functionally Uncouples Cell Surface CD4 and SERINC5 Downregulation.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Non-thermal plasma modulates cellular markers associated with immunogenicity in a model of latent HIV-1 infection.PloS one · 2021Article
- New Approaches to Dendritic Cell-Based Therapeutic Vaccines Against HIV-1 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Concanamycin A counteracts HIV-1 Nef to enhance immune clearance of infected primary cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- HIV-1 Vpu Downregulates Tim-3 from the Surface of Infected CD4Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Efferocytic Defects in Early Atherosclerosis Are Driven by GATA2 Overexpression in Macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe HIV-1 accessory proteins Nef and Vpu alter cell surface levels of multiple host proteins to modify the immune response and increase viral persistence. Nef and Vpu can downregulate cell surface levels of the co-stimulatory molecule CD28, however the mechanism of this function has not been completely elucidated.
resultsHere, we provide evidence that Nef and Vpu decrease cell surface and total cellular levels of CD28. Moreover, using inhibitors we implicate the cellular degradation machinery in the downregulation of CD28. We shed light on the mechanisms of CD28 downregulation by implicating the Nef LL
conclusionsWe report that Nef and Vpu downregulate cell surface and total cellular CD28 levels. We identified inhibitors and mutations within Nef and Vpu that disrupt downregulation, shedding light on the mechanisms utilized to downregulate CD28. The conservation and redundancy between the abilities of two HIV-1 proteins to downregulate CD28 highlight the importance of this function, which may contribute to the development of latently infected cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.