Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29329511›Full record

ArticleJournal of neurodevelopmental disorders2018

Classifying and characterizing the development of adaptive behavior in a naturalistic longitudinal study of young children with autism.

Cristan Farmer, Lauren Swineford, Susan E Swedo, Audrey Thurm

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Overall prognosis of preschool autism spectrum disorder diagnoses.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Limited Discrepancy Between Cognitive Ability and Daily Living Skills in Autism: A Longitudinal Study From Ages 2-25.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
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  7. Profiles of parent-teacher discrepancy on autistic children's adaptive functioning.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026
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  8. Article
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  16. Trajectory research in children with an autism diagnosis: A scoping review.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2024
    Article
  17. Review
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  19. Prospects for Leveling the Playing Field for Black Children With Autism.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2023
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Cristan FarmerPediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Lauren SwinefordPediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Susan E SwedoPediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Audrey ThurmPediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. athurm@mail.nih.gov.

Funding

Clinical and Behavioral Phenotyping of Autism and Related DisordersZIAMH002868 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI SWEDO, SUSAN · 2009 to 2017
$17.8M
Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping ZICMH002961 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI THURM, AUDREY · 2017 to 2025
$12.6M
NIMH NIH HHS ZIA-MH-002868
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAdaptive behavior, or the ability to function independently in ones' environment, is a key phenotypic construct in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Few studies of the development of adaptive behavior during preschool to school-age are available, though existing data demonstrate that the degree of ability and impairment associated with ASD, and how it manifests over time, is heterogeneous. Growth mixture models are a statistical technique that can help parse this heterogeneity in trajectories.

methodsData from an accelerated longitudinal natural history study (n = 105 children with ASD) were subjected to growth mixture model analysis. Children were assessed up to four times between the ages of 3 to 7.99 years.

resultsThe best fitting model comprised two classes of trajectory on the Adaptive Behavior Composite score of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Second Edition-a low and decreasing trajectory (73% of the sample) and a moderate and stable class (27%).

conclusionsThese results partially replicate the classes observed in a previous study of a similarly characterized sample, suggesting that developmental trajectory may indeed serve as a phenotype. Further, the ability to predict which trajectory a child is likely to follow will be useful in planning for clinical trials.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PsychologicalAutism Spectrum DisorderChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMalePhenotypeSeverity of Illness IndexAdaptive behaviorAutism spectrum disordersLongitudinal studies

Identifiers

PMID29329511
PMCPMC5795287

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.