ArticleCell2018
BCG Educates Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Generate Protective Innate Immunity against Tuberculosis.
Article in Cell, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 750 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase II Study of Perioperative QBECO Site Specific Immunomodulator (Qu Biologics®) in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Within the Liver Undergoing Resection
Using AS01 Adjuvant to Improve Immune Response in Older Adults Through Trained Immunity
Who cites it
750 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Trained immunity in inflammatory bone disease: a bibliometric and literature-level text-mining analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Route of BCG administration determines success.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Trained Immunity in Childhood Vaccination.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Review
- Monocytes in pneumonia: Functional plasticity and innate memory (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The epigenetic-metabolic axis of trained immunity: dual roles in disease pathogenesis and intervention.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Trained immunity in chronic, relapsing and low-grade joint inflammation.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Anisotropic Masked Mycobacterium Potentiates Amplified Antitumor Trained Immunity via Spleen Targeting and Myelopoiesis Conversion.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis: from immunological mechanisms to translational applications.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Article
- Systemic reprogramming of monocytes in Crohn's disease promotes their intestinal inflammatory function.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Plasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Drugging trained immunity: immunometabolic and epigenetic control of maladaptive inflammatory memory in chronic inflammatory diseases.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines as Antigen-Agnostic Immunomodulators: A Repurposing Perspective.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Modeling the Exposome in Murine Cardiovascular Disease.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2026Review
- Maladaptive trained immunity as a hematopoietic stem cell driver of inflammaging.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Trained immunity links hematopoietic stem cell aging to aging-associated inflammation.Nature aging · 2026Article
- The theory of the inflammatory ecosystem.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Long-Term Impact of Historical BCG Vaccination Policies on Parkinson's Disease Risk: A Hypothesis-Generating Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- BCG vaccination elicits protection against M. tuberculosis infection mediated by two phases of T cell immunity.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Article
690 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The dogma that adaptive immunity is the only arm of the immune response with memory capacity has been recently challenged by several studies demonstrating evidence for memory-like innate immune training. However, the underlying mechanisms and location for generating such innate memory responses in vivo remain unknown. Here, we show that access of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to the bone marrow (BM) changes the transcriptional landscape of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitors (MPPs), leading to local cell expansion and enhanced myelopoiesis at the expense of lymphopoiesis. Importantly, BCG-educated HSCs generate epigenetically modified macrophages that provide significantly better protection against virulent M. tuberculosis infection than naïve macrophages. By using parabiotic and chimeric mice, as well as adoptive transfer approaches, we demonstrate that training of the monocyte/macrophage lineage via BCG-induced HSC reprogramming is sustainable in vivo. Our results indicate that targeting the HSC compartment provides a novel approach for vaccine development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
29328912What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.