ArticleInternational journal of health policy and management2018
Unequal Gain of Equal Resources across Racial Groups.
Article in International journal of health policy and management, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 261 papers.
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Who cites it
261 citing papers in PubMed, 393 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Identifying the Depressive Profiles Among Latinx Adolescents Who Have Experienced School Discipline and School Policing: Evidence for the School-to-Patient Nexus.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Diminished returns to Black health: A Canadian problem?Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- When Education Pays Less: Psychological Well-Being, Financial Strain, and Social Support Among Deaf Adults.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2026Article
- Racial and Demographic Differences in Use of a Trauma Center Confidential Status Policy.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2026Article
- Racialized Heteroscedasticity in Neuroimaging Features, Behavior Measures, and Neuroimaging-Based Predictive Models.Research square · 2026Article
- Neighborhood deprivation and oncotype DX recurrence scores among Black and White women: the interplay between race, place, and tumor biology.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Associations of role, area deprivation index, and race with health behaviors and body mass index among localized prostate cancer patients and their partners.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- The impact of parental socioeconomic characteristics and engagement on children's early academic abilities: the role of racial and economic disparities.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- A Community-Engaged Approach for Assessment of Cortisol Dynamic Range and Multilevel Chronic Stress in African Americans: FAITH! Heart Health+ Ancillary Study.Journal of participatory medicine · 2025Article
- Unequal Impact of Flavored Tobacco Across Populations: From Neuroscience to Policy.Basic and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Household income and obesity among older adults: the moderating role of race in a longitudinal analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Neighborhood characteristics and incident myocardial infarction in US older adults: evaluation in 2 nationwide cohorts.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Immigrants' diminished protective effects of parental education and employment on youth mood disorders in Sweden.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Black Americans' Diminished Health Returns of Professional Occupations: A Thirty-Year Follow-Up Study of Middle-Aged and Older Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Use of Electronic and Conventional Cigarettes and Self-Rated Mental Health in High School Students.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Differential associations between education and blood pressure by gender and race.BMC public health · 2025Article
- ARTS is associated with vascular risk factors, MCI, dementia, and stroke.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Sense of Mastery Explains Social Patterning of Health.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Post-Pandemic Inflation and Compensatory Changes: Perception, Stress, and Difficulties by Race, Ethnicity, and Those Recovering from COVID-19 Infection.Race and social problems · 2025Article
201 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The health effects of economic resources (eg, education, employment, and living place) and psychological assets (eg, self-efficacy, perceived control over life, anger control, and emotions) are well-known. This article summarizes the results of a growing body of evidence documenting Blacks' diminished return, defined as a systematically smaller health gain from economic resources and psychological assets for Blacks in comparison to Whites. Due to structural barriers that Blacks face in their daily lives, the very same resources and assets generate smaller health gain for Blacks compared to Whites. Even in the presence of equal access to resources and assets, such unequal health gain constantly generates a racial health gap between Blacks and Whites in the United States. In this paper, a number of public policies are recommended based on these findings. First and foremost, public policies should not merely focus on equalizing access to resources and assets, but also reduce the societal and structural barriers that hinder Blacks. Policy solutions should aim to reduce various manifestations of structural racism including but not limited to differential pay, residential segregation, lower quality of education, and crime in Black and urban communities. As income was not found to follow the same pattern demonstrated for other resources and assets (ie, income generated similar decline in risk of mortality for Whites and Blacks), policies that enforce equal income and increase minimum wage for marginalized populations are essential. Improving quality of education of youth and employability of young adults will enable Blacks to compete for high paying jobs. Policies that reduce racism and discrimination in the labor market are also needed. Without such policies, it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to eliminate the sustained racial health gap in the United States.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.