Trial reportCytokine2018
Higher serum vitamin D levels are associated with protective serum cytokine profiles in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Trial report in Cytokine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D deficiency and immune health in polar populations: a systematic review and hypothesis-driven narrative analysis.Immunologic research · 2025Pooled it
- Surrogate markers of mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of vitamin D supplementation on circulating concentrations of growth factors and immune-mediators in healthy women during pregnancy.Pediatric research · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Vitamin D in mucosal healing: therapeutic potential and current evidence in inflammatory bowel disease.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Microbiota and Gut Inflammatory Markers (Zonulin and Fecal Calprotectin) Exhibit Age-Dependent Variation in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Combined Effects of Exercise and Vitamin D on Neuroinflammation, Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity, Oxidative Stress, and Cognitive Function in Nonpathological Mice.International neurourology journal · 2025Article
- Investigating the expression of anti/pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis and its association with serum level of vitamin D.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Real-World Endoscopic and Histologic Outcomes in Ulcerative Colitis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Role in Pathogenesis, Dietary Modulation, and Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- To investigate the effects of artemisinin on inflammatory factors and intestinal microbiota in rats with ulcerative colitis based on network pharmacology.Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Vitamin D Supplementation: Association With Serum Cytokines in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Vitamin D Is Associated with α4β7+ Immunophenotypes and Predicts Vedolizumab Therapy Failure in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2021Article
- The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Cathelicidin Mediates a Protective Role of Vitamin D in Ulcerative Colitis and Human Colonic Epithelial Cells.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2020Article
- Vitamin D's Effect on Immune Function.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Observational
- Micronutrient Absorption and Related Outcomes in People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Influence of Vitamin D Deficiency on Inflammatory Markers and Clinical Disease Activity in IBD Patients.Nutrients · 2019Article
- Levels of vitamin D-associated cytokines distinguish between active and latent tuberculosis following a tuberculosis outbreak.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsVitamin D has immune modulating effects on cytokines. Serum vitamin D levels are associated with the risk of relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), through unknown mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that this beneficial role of vitamin D on UC is mediated through anti-inflammatory serum cytokine profiles.
methodsSerum samples from a prospective cohort of seventy UC patients in clinical remission were collected and baseline histological and endoscopic scores were recorded at enrollment. Clinical relapse events were recorded over the 12-month follow-up period. Serum vitamin D and cytokines levels (IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10) were quantified using ELISA. Linear regression was used to determine correlation between vitamin D and cytokine profiles. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between serum cytokine profiles and baseline histologic mucosal healing and clinical relapse.
resultsHigher serum vitamin D levels positively correlated with higher ratios of IL-4 + IL-10/IL-17A + TNF-α (r = 0.37, P < .01), and IL-4 + IL-10/IL-6 + TNF-α (r = 0.32, P < .01). In multivariate analysis, IL-4 + IL-10/IL-17A + TNF-α ratios at baseline were associated with the presence of histologic mucosal healing (O.R. 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.62, P = .03). A higher ratio of serum IL-4 + IL-10 to IL-6 + TNF-α was associated with a reduced risk of clinical relapse (O.R. 0.72, 95% CI 0.58-0.89, P = .003), and longer time to relapse (p = .03), over the 12-month follow-up period. This ratio during remission had an AUC of 0.7 in predicting later clinical relapse.
conclusionsVitamin D is associated with anti-inflammatory serum cytokine profiles. Anti-inflammatory cytokine patterns may mediate the protective effects of higher serum vitamin D levels in patients with ulcerative colitis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.