ArticleScientific reports2018
Scaffold-free generation of uniform adipose spheroids for metabolism research and drug discovery.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineered tissues and strategies to overcome challenges in drug development.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Review
- Aroclor 1254 inhibits anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization through an AhR-dependent mechanism.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Adipose tissue explant culture using PDMS flow chambers: an alternative to static explant culture.Adipocyte · 2025Article
- Adipogenic characterization of immortalized CD55Adipocyte · 2025Article
- Preclinical research in obesity-associated metabolic diseases using in vitro, multicellular, and non-mammalian models.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2025Review
- Article
- Abundance of a metabolically active subpopulation in dedifferentiated adipocytes inversely correlates with body mass index.Molecular metabolism · 2025Article
- Polychlorinated biphenyls induce immunometabolic switch of antiinflammatory macrophages toward an inflammatory phenotype.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- 3D culturing as a promising strategy to enhance the angiogenic potential of adipose stem cell-derived secretome: insights into the role of miR-145-5p/ANGPT2 axis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Extending the Three-Dimensional Culture of Adipocytes Through Surface Coatings.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Complement activation at the interface between adipocytes and cancer cells drives tumor progression.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Organoids: their emerging essential role in pathological mechanisms and drug discovery of diabetes and its complications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Development and analysis of scaffold-free adipose spheroids.Adipocyte · 2024Article
- Fibroblast-Adipocyte Lineage Cell Interactions Result in Differential Production of Extracellular Matrix Proteins.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2024Article
- The Impact of High Adiposity on Endometrial Progesterone Response and Metallothionein Regulation.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Structured multicellular intestinal spheroids (SMIS) as a standardized model for infection biology.Gut pathogens · 2024Article
- Effects of an environmentally relevant mixture of organochlorine pesticide compounds on adipogenesis and adipocyte function in an immortalized human adipocyte model.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA · 2024Article
- Biofabrication's Contribution to the Evolution of Cultured Meat.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Review
- Organoid-guided precision hepatology for metabolic liver disease.Journal of hepatology · 2024Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction is critical to the development of type II diabetes and other metabolic diseases. While monolayer cell culture has been useful for studying fat biology, 2D culture often does not reflect the complexity of fat tissue. Animal models are also problematic in that they are expensive, time consuming, and may not completely recapitulate human biology because of species variation. To address these problems, we have developed a scaffold-free method to generate 3D adipose spheroids from primary or immortal human or mouse pre-adipocytes. Pre-adipocytes self-organize into spheroids in hanging drops and upon transfer to low attachment plates, can be maintained in long-term cultures. Upon exposure to differentiation cues, the cells mature into adipocytes, accumulating large lipid droplets that expand with time. The 3D spheroids express and secrete higher levels of adiponectin compared to 2D culture and respond to stress, either culture-related or toxin-associated, by secreting pro-inflammatory adipokines. In addition, 3D spheroids derived from brown adipose tissue (BAT) retain expression of BAT markers better than 2D cultures derived from the same tissue. Thus, this model can be used to study both the maturation of pre-adipocytes or the function of mature adipocytes in a 3D culture environment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.