Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29323148›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2018

Reference gene identification and validation for quantitative real-time PCR studies in developing Xenopus laevis.

Bilal B Mughal, Michelle Leemans, Petra Spirhanzlova, Barbara Demeneix, Jean-Baptiste Fini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Folic acid prevention of neural tube defects requires retinoic acid produced by ALDH1L1.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  10. Bisphenol A Interferes with Redox Balance and the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022
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  11. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022
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  16. Human Health and Ocean Pollution.Annals of global health · 2020
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Bilal B MughalCNRS/UMR7221, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle/Université Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9312-5053
Michelle LeemansCNRS/UMR7221, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle/Université Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, France.
Petra SpirhanzlovaCNRS/UMR7221, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle/Université Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, France.
Barbara DemeneixCNRS/UMR7221, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle/Université Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, France. bdem@mnhn.fr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4544-971X
Jean-Baptiste FiniCNRS/UMR7221, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle/Université Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, France. fini@mnhn.fr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Reference genes are essential for gene expression analysis when using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Xenopus laevis is a popular amphibian model for studying vertebrate embryogenesis and development. Further, X. laevis is ideal for studying thyroid signaling due to its thyroid dependent metamorphosis, a stage comparable to birth in humans. When using PCR based studies, a primary concern is the choice of reference genes. Commonly used references are eef1a1, odc1, rpl8, and actnB, although there is a lack of ad hoc reference genes for X. laevis. Here, we used previously published RNA-seq data on different X. laevis stages and identified the top 14 candidate genes with respect to their expression levels as a function of developmental stage and degree of variation. We further evaluated the stability of these and other candidate genes using RT-qPCR on various stages including the unfertilised eggs, whole embryos during early development and brains during late development. We used four different statistical software packages: deltaCT, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. We report optimized reference gene pair combinations for studying development (early whole embryos), brains at later stages (metamorphosis and adult), and  thyroid signalling. These reference gene pairs are suitable for studying different aspects of X. laevis development and organogenesis.

Indexed as

AnimalsBrainDatabases, GeneticEmbryonic DevelopmentEmbryo, NonmammalianFemaleLife Cycle StagesMaleMetamorphosis, BiologicalOvumReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionReference StandardsRNASignal TransductionThyroid GlandTranscriptomeRNAXenopus Proteins

Identifiers

PMID29323148
PMCPMC5764961

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.