ArticleScientific reports2018
IL-34 and CSF-1 display an equivalent macrophage differentiation ability but a different polarization potential.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed, 199 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond immunity: macrophage plasticity in vascular regeneration.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- CSF1R+ macrophage and osteoclast depletion impairs neural crest proliferation and craniofacial morphogenesis.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- CSF1R+ Macrophages and Osteoclasts Are Essential for Limb Bone Development During Embryogenesis.Journal of developmental biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Immune dysfunction in Alzheimer disease.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- The gene regulatory networks shaping macrophage plasticity and altered function in fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Macrophages and TGFB signaling regulate fibrosis in theAmerican journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Article
- Roles of IL-34 in neurological diseases: neuroprotection, inflammatory regulation, and myeloid plasticity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- IL-34 in neurological homeostasis and its multifaceted roles in central nervous system diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- "Monocytes in B-Cell Malignancies: Their Role in Disease Progression and Therapy Resistance".Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- NADJournal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Myeloid metabolism and its role in immunotherapy of cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Role of Colony Stimulating Factor 1 (CSF-1) and Its Receptor CSF1R: Macrophage Repolarization for Glioblastoma Treatment.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Article
- Excitatory-neuron-derived interleukin-34 supports cortical developmental microglia function.Immunity · 2025Article
- Macrophage regulation of tumor cell dormancy and the dormant niche: an overview in solid tumors.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Treatment Resistant Persister Cells Exploit Macrophage Lipid Metabolism to Sustain Glioblastoma Growth.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Role of IL-34 in Tumors and Its Application to Regulate Inflammation.Cancer science · 2025Review
- RXFP2-positive mesenchymal stem cells in the antlerogenic periosteum contribute to postnatal development of deer antlers.Communications biology · 2025Article
- The cellular and molecular cardiac tissue responses in human inflammatory cardiomyopathies after SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination.Nature cardiovascular research · 2025Article
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CSF-1 and IL-34 share the CSF-1 receptor and no differences have been reported in the signaling pathways triggered by both ligands in human monocytes. IL-34 promotes the differentiation and survival of monocytes, macrophages and osteoclasts, as CSF-1 does. However, IL-34 binds other receptors, suggesting that differences exist in the effect of both cytokines. In the present study, we compared the differentiation and polarization abilities of human primary monocytes in response to CSF-1 or IL-34. CSF-1R engagement by one or the other ligands leads to AKT and caspase activation and autophagy induction through expression and activation of AMPK and ULK1. As no differences were detected on monocyte differentiation, we investigated the effect of CSF-1 and IL-34 on macrophage polarization into the M1 or M2 phenotype. We highlighted a striking increase in IL-10 and CCL17 secretion in M1 and M2 macrophages derived from IL-34 stimulated monocytes, respectively, compared to CSF-1 stimulated monocytes. Variations in the secretome induced by CSF-1 or IL-34 may account for their different ability to polarize naïve T cells into Th1 cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CSF-1 and IL-34 exhibit the same ability to induce human monocyte differentiation but may have a different ability to polarize macrophages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.