ArticlePloS one2018
High AHR expression in breast tumors correlates with expression of genes from several signaling pathways namely inflammation and endogenous tryptophan metabolism.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does propranolol have a role in cancer treatment? A systematic review of the epidemiological and clinical trial literature on beta-blockers.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Molecular profiling of hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancers from patients treated with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in the CARMINA 02 trial (UCBG-0609).Journal of hematology & oncology · 2018Trial
- ZSTK3744, a Novel Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonist, Exhibits Efficacy against Chemotherapy-Resistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- Involvement of Hormone Receptors, Membrane Receptors and Signaling Pathways in European Gastric Cancers Regarding Subtypes and Epigenetic Alterations: A Pilot Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Dioxins do not only bind to AHR but also team up with EGFR at the cell-surface: a novel mode of action of toxicological relevance?EXCLI journal · 2025Review
- Review
- Unraveling the chemotherapeutic potential of taxifolin ruthenium-p-cymene complex in breast carcinoma: Insights into AhR signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.Translational oncology · 2024Article
- High Expression of AhR and Environmental Pollution as AhR-Linked Ligands Impact on Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Western Patients with Gastric Cancer-A Pilot Study.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Mapping the influence of hydrocarbons mixture on molecular mechanisms, involved in breast and lung neoplasms: in silico toxicogenomic data-mining.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2024Article
- The combination of IDO and AHR blockers reduces the migration and clonogenicity of breast cancer cells.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- AHRR and SFRP2 in primary versus recurrent high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and their prognostic implication.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Targeting aryl hydrocarbon receptor to prevent cancer in barrier organs.Biochemical pharmacology · 2024Review
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: An emerging player in breast cancer pathogenesis and its potential as a drug target (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2024Review
- Next-generation of BBQ analogues that selectively target breast cancer.Frontiers in chemistry · 2024Article
- Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut Microbiota: A Novel Regulatory Axis Integrating the Microbiome, Immunity, and Cancer.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Suppression of Ah Receptor (AhR) increases the aggressiveness of TNBC cells and 11-Cl-BBQ-activated AhR inhibits their growth.Biochemical pharmacology · 2023Article
- AHR, a novel inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor, is a potential therapeutic target for chemoresistant glioblastoma.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Involvement of the kynurenine pathway in breast cancer: updates on clinical research and trials.British journal of cancer · 2023Review
- The Interplay between Microbiota and Chemotherapy-Derived Metabolites in Breast Cancer.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increasing epidemiological and animal experimental data provide substantial support for the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in mammary tumorigenesis. The effects of AhR have been clearly demonstrated in rodent models of breast carcinogenesis and in several established human breast cancer cell lines following exposure to AhR ligands or AhR overexpression. However, relatively little is known about the role of AhR in human breast cancers. AhR has always been considered to be a regulator of toxic and carcinogenic responses to environmental contaminants such as TCDD (dioxin) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). The aim of this study was to identify the type of breast tumors (ERα-positive or ERα-negative) that express AHR and how AhR affects human tumorigenesis. The levels of AHR, AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT) and AHR repressor (AHRR) mRNA expression were analyzed in a cohort of 439 breast tumors, demonstrating a weak association between high AHR expression and age greater than fifty years and ERα-negative status, and HR-/ERBB2 breast cancer subtypes. AHRR mRNA expression was associated with metastasis-free survival, while AHR mRNA expression was not. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of AhR protein in both tumor cells (nucleus and/or cytoplasm) and the tumor microenvironment (including endothelial cells and lymphocytes). High AHR expression was correlated with high expression of several genes involved in signaling pathways related to inflammation (IL1B, IL6, TNF, IL8 and CXCR4), metabolism (IDO1 and TDO2 from the kynurenine pathway), invasion (MMP1, MMP2 and PLAU), and IGF signaling (IGF2R, IGF1R and TGFB1). Two well-known ligands for AHR (TCDD and BaP) induced mRNA expression of IL1B and IL6 in an ERα-negative breast tumor cell line. The breast cancer ER status likely influences AhR activity involved in these signaling pathways. The mechanisms involved in AhR activation and target gene expression in breast cancers are also discussed.
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