ArticleJournal of women & aging
Sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer's disease as predicted by hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities.
Article in Journal of women & aging. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of two decades of neuroimaging research.The British journal of radiology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sex differences inFrontiers in dementia · 2025Pooled it
- White matter hyperintensities volume and cognition: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Characterization of White Matter Hyperintensities in Large-Scale MRI-Studies.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety ofNutrients · 2025Trial
- Type 2 diabetes and cognitive impairment in an older population with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome: baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-plus study.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Accelerated hippocampal atrophy in APOE ε4 homozygotes and females: Longitudinal findings from the Tohoku Medical Megabank MRI study.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific regional brain activity and cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment: An rs-fMRI study.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Role of GSK-3 Inhibition in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy.Current Alzheimer research · 2026Review
- Sex-dependent grey matter atrophy in Alzheimer's disease progression.Brain communications · 2026Article
- An atlas of age- and sex-related volumetric alterations of grey matter in subcortical regions: The case of 46,111 UK Biobank participants.Mechanisms of ageing and development · 2025Article
- Sex differences in vulnerability to tau pathology: Impact on cognitive decline.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Atrophy trajectories in Alzheimer's disease: how sex matters.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- White matter hyperintensity severity modifies gut metabolite association with cognitive outcomes.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Statistical Method for Identification of Alzheimer Disease With Multimodal Predictive Markers Mild Cognitive Impairment.Basic and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- No sex differences in the association between regional brain structure abnormalities and cognitive functioning in a geriatric memory clinic population.Aging brain · 2025Article
- Sex differences in interacting genetic and functional connectivity biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis Implicates Sex-Specific Dysregulation of the Blood Lipids in Alzheimer's Disease: A Retrospective Health-Controlled Study.Psychiatry investigation · 2024Article
- The brain insulin receptor gene network and associations with frailty index.Age and ageing · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This study examined biological sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) development as predicted by changes in the hippocampus or white matter hyperintensities. A secondary data analysis of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set was conducted. We selected samples of participants with normal cognition at baseline who progressed to MCI (n = 483) and those who progressed to probable AD (n = 211) to determine if hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) at baseline predicted progression to probable AD or MCI and whether the rate of progression differed between men and women. The survival analyses indicated that changes in hippocampal volumes affected the progression to probable AD (HR = 0.535, 95% CI [0.300-0.953]) only among women. White men had an increased rate of progression to AD (HR = 4.396, CI [1.012-19.08]; HR = 4.665, 95% CI [1.072-20.29]) compared to men in other race and ethnic groups. Among women, increases in hippocampal volume ratio led to decreased rates of progressing to MCI (HR = 0.386, 95% CI [0.166-0.901]). Increased WMH among men led to faster progression to MCI (HR = 1.048. 95% CI [1.011-1.086]). Women and men who were older at baseline were more likely to progress to MCI. In addition, results from longitudinal analyses showed that women with a higher CDR global score, older age at baseline, or more disinhibition symptoms experienced higher odds of MCI development. Changes in hippocampal volumes affect the progression to or odds of probable AD (and MCI) more so among women than men, while changes in WMH affected the progression to MCI only among men.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.