ReviewJournal of cellular physiology2018
Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease.
Review in Journal of cellular physiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2,790 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery During Phase 2-3 Covid-19 Pandemic in Italy: a Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study.
Azithromycin as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planning Causes an Increase of CD68+, CD163+ Macrophages Density in the Gingival Tissues of Periodontitis Patients: a Randomized Controlled Short-term Clinical Trial
Who cites it
2,790 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4,719 citations in OpenAlex.
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- New insights into the ACLY-mediated metabolic and epigenetic interplay in macrophages.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Review
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- Identification of mitochondrial metabolism-associated tuberculosis key genes and construction of a diagnostic model based on WGCNA.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- A Novel Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide ScymidgutinProbiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Macrophage polarization plasticity in pulmonary fibrosis: a review from pathogenesis to therapeutic targeting.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- The Interplay of M1 Macrophages and Dental Pulp Stem Cells Promotes Angiogenesis Through IL-8-Dependent VEGF Regulation: An In Vitro Study.International endodontic journal · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Focus on Bone Homeostasis and Regeneration.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Phenotypic switching of gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells and the regulatory role of macrophages: a literature review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- The IL-4/IL-4R/STAT6 signaling axis regulates macrophage efferocytosis in osteoarthritis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Macrophage Mistargeting During Direct Cardiac Reprogramming: Cardiac-Associated Responses, Polarization, and Cell Death.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- RUNX3: a regulator of macrophage apoptosis with positive prognostic impact in sepsis.Genes & genomics · 2026Article
- MSC-EVs in Cartilage Regeneration and Immunomodulation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects for Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Peripheral Nerve Block with Ropivacaine Ameliorates Acute Compartment Syndrome by Promoting Macrophage M2 Polarization via JAK-STAT Signaling.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- The multifaceted landscape of T cell exhaustion in organ transplantation: From molecular mechanisms (epigenetics, transcription, metabolism) to induction strategies.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Increased NETosis in Patients With Heart Failure Is Associated With Macrophage Activation Towards a Proinflammatory Phenotype.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Skin Aging: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic and Technological Innovations.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
2,730 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous and their phenotype and functions are regulated by the surrounding micro-environment. Macrophages commonly exist in two distinct subsets: 1) Classically activated or M1 macrophages, which are pro-inflammatory and polarized by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) either alone or in association with Th1 cytokines such as IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α; and 2) Alternatively activated or M2 macrophages, which are anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory and polarized by Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 and produce anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β. M1 and M2 macrophages have different functions and transcriptional profiles. They have unique abilities by destroying pathogens or repair the inflammation-associated injury. It is known that M1/M2 macrophage balance polarization governs the fate of an organ in inflammation or injury. When the infection or inflammation is severe enough to affect an organ, macrophages first exhibit the M1 phenotype to release TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-23 against the stimulus. But, if M1 phase continues, it can cause tissue damage. Therefore, M2 macrophages secrete high amounts of IL-10 and TGF-β to suppress the inflammation, contribute to tissue repair, remodeling, vasculogenesis, and retain homeostasis. In this review, we first discuss the basic biology of macrophages including origin, differentiation and activation, tissue distribution, plasticity and polarization, migration, antigen presentation capacity, cytokine and chemokine production, metabolism, and involvement of microRNAs in macrophage polarization and function. Secondly, we discuss the protective and pathogenic role of the macrophage subsets in normal and pathological pregnancy, anti-microbial defense, anti-tumor immunity, metabolic disease and obesity, asthma and allergy, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, wound healing, and autoimmunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.