ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2018
Decreased microglial activation through gut-brain axis by prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics effectively restored cognitive function in obese-insulin resistant rats.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 260 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of probiotics on cognitive function and cardiovascular risk factors in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: an umbrella meta-analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of probiotics efficacy in the treatment of minimum hepatic encephalopathy.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- The microbiota-gut- hippocampus axis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Gut microbiota, cognitive frailty and dementia in older individuals: a systematic review.Clinical interventions in aging · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- The Human Microbiome in Airborne Particulate Matter-Associated Aging-Related Chronic Diseases: An Evidence-Stratified Review.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- The combined effects of probiotic and high-intensity interval training on memory function in high fat diet-fed rats.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Review of the Gut-Microbiota-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: From Pathophysiology to Potential Therapies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Circadian gatekeepers of the gut-brain-immune axis: implications for neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Obesity-Related Cognitive Impairment: An Update Overview of Mechanisms and Treatments.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Disruption, Neuroinflammation, and Potential Antioxidant-Based Treatments in Metabolic Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Circadian Rhythm Disorder-Related Dysfunctions are Exacerbated by Aging and Ameliorated by Time-Restricted Feeding.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Microbes, mood, and metabolism/obesity: Pharmacological insights into the gut-obesity-depression triad.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- The Gut-Brain Axis in Obesity: Mechanisms, Development, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Is Obesity a Modifiable Risk Factor in Multiple Sclerosis? Mechanistic Insights into Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Damage.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Metabolic syndrome and perioperative neurocognitive disorders: epidemiology, mechanisms, and interventions.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Atraric Acid Ameliorates Neurological Dysfunction in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice by Activating Autophagy to Alleviate Brain Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Oral Supplements of Combined Lactobacillus plantarum and Asparagus officinalis Modulate Gut Microbiota and Alleviate High-Fat Diet-Induced Cognitive Deficits and Neurodegeneration in Rats.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption caused not only obese-insulin resistance, but also cognitive decline and microglial hyperactivity. Modified gut microbiota by prebiotics and probiotics improved obese-insulin resistance. However, the effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on cognition and microglial activity in an obese-insulin resistant condition have not yet been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the effect of prebiotic (Xyloolidosaccharide), probiotic (Lactobacillus paracasei HII01), or synbiotics in male obese-insulin resistant rats induced by a HFD.
methodsMale Wistar rats were fed with either a normal diet or a HFD for 12 weeks. At week 13, the rats in each dietary group were randomly divided into four subgroups including vehicle group, prebiotics group, probiotics group, and synbiotics group. Rats received their assigned intervention for an additional 12 weeks. At the end of experimental protocol, the cognitive functioning of each rat was investigated; blood and brain samples were collected to determine metabolic parameters and investigate brain pathology.
resultsWe found that chronic HFD consumption leads to gut and systemic inflammation and impaired peripheral insulin sensitivity, which were improved by all treatments. Prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics also improved hippocampal plasticity and attenuated brain mitochondrial dysfunction in HFD-fed rats. Interestingly, hippocampal oxidative stress and apoptosis were significantly decreased in HFD-fed rats with all therapies, which also decreased microglial activation, leading to restored cognitive function.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that consumption of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics restored cognition in obese-insulin resistant subjects through gut-brain axis, leading to improved hippocampal plasticity, brain mitochondrial function, and decreased microglial activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.