ArticleBMC biotechnology2018
The function of tcf3 in medaka embryos: efficient knockdown with pePNAs.
Article in BMC biotechnology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- ID2 Suppresses Multiple Myeloma Cell Proliferation by Repressing the Activity of the Transcription Factor TCF3.Blood cancer discovery · 2026Article
- Article
- T-Cell Factors as Transcriptional Inhibitors: Activities and Regulations in Vertebrate Head Development.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- A Dominant Negative Antisense Approach Targeting β-Catenin.Molecular biotechnology · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe application of antisense molecules, such as morpholino oligonucleotides, is an efficient method of gene inactivation in vivo. We recently introduced phosphonic ester modified peptide nucleic acids (PNA) for in vivo loss-of-function experiments in medaka embryos. Here we tested novel modifications of the PNA backbone to knockdown the medaka tcf3 gene.
resultsA single tcf3 gene exists in the medaka genome and its inactivation strongly affected eye development of the embryos, leading to size reduction and anophthalmia in severe cases. The function of Tcf3 strongly depends on co-repressor interactions. We found interactions with Groucho/Tle proteins to be most important for eye development. Using a dominant negative approach for combined inactivation of all groucho/tle genes also resulted in eye phenotypes, as did interference with three individual tle genes.
conclusionsOur results show that side chain modified PNAs come close to the knockdown efficiency of morpholino oligonucleotides in vivo. A single medaka tcf3 gene combines the function of the two zebrafish paralogs hdl and tcf3b. In combination with Groucho/Tle corepressor proteins Tcf3 acts in anterior development and is critical for eye formation.
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