ArticleStatistics in medicine2018
Modeling clustering and treatment effect heterogeneity in parallel and stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials.
Article in Statistics in medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Characterisation of between-cluster heterogeneity in malaria cluster randomised trials to inform future sample size calculations.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Extending the I-squared statistic to describe treatment effect heterogeneity in cluster, multi-centre randomized trials and individual patient data meta-analysis.Statistical methods in medical research · 2021Pooled it
- Assessing heterogeneity of treatment effect analyses in health-related cluster randomized trials: A systematic review.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Implementing Care for Cannabis and Other Drug Use in Adult Primary Care: Outcomes of a Cluster-Randomized Implementation Trial.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Trial
- Digital Medication Management in Polypharmacy—Findings of a Cluster-Randomized, Controlled Trial With a Stepped-Wedge Design in Primary Care Practices (AdAM).Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2024Trial
- Random effect misspecification in stepped wedge designs.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Testing a tailored weight management program for veterans with PTSD: The MOVE! + UP randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2021Trial
- Comparing meta-analysis and linear mixed model-based approaches for the analysis of continuous outcomes from batched stepped wedge trials.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2026Article
- Analysis of Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trials: A Tutorial Using Marginal Models.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- What scientific inferences can be made with randomized implementation rollout trials.Implementation science : IS · 2025Article
- Designing stepped wedge trials to evaluate physical activity interventions in schools: methodological considerations.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- A review of current practice in the design and analysis of extremely small stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2025Review
- Reconsidering stepped wedge cluster randomized trial designs with implementation periods: Fewer sequences or the parallel-group design with baseline and implementation periods are potentially more efficient.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2024Article
- Article
- Robust analysis of stepped wedge trials using composite likelihood models.Statistics in medicine · 2024Article
- Information content of stepped wedge designs under the working independence assumption.Journal of statistical planning and inference · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the telemedical health care network "SAFE BIRTH" for pregnant women at risk, premature and sick newborns and their families: study protocol of a cluster-randomized controlled stepped-wedge trial.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Assessing exposure-time treatment effect heterogeneity in stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials.Biometrics · 2023Article
- Accounting for expected attrition in the planning of cluster randomized trials for assessing treatment effect heterogeneity.BMC medical research methodology · 2023Article
- Optimal allocation of clusters in stepped wedge designs with a decaying correlation structure.PloS one · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cluster randomized trials are frequently used in health service evaluation. It is common practice to use an analysis model with a random effect to allow for clustering at the analysis stage. In designs where clusters are exposed to both control and treatment conditions, it may be of interest to examine treatment effect heterogeneity across clusters. In designs where clusters are not exposed to both control and treatment conditions, it can also be of interest to allow heterogeneity in the degree of clustering between arms. These two types of heterogeneity are related. It has been proposed in both parallel cluster trials, stepped-wedge, and other cross-over designs that this heterogeneity can be allowed for by incorporating additional random effect(s) into the model. Here, we show that the choice of model parameterization needs careful consideration as some parameterizations for additional heterogeneity induce unnecessary or implausible assumptions. We suggest more appropriate parameterizations, discuss their relative advantages, and demonstrate the implications of these model choices using a real example of a parallel cluster trial and a simulated stepped-wedge trial.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.