ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2018
Substance use through adolescence into early adulthood after childhood-diagnosed ADHD: findings from the MTA longitudinal study.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between early life mental health and alcohol use behaviours in adulthood: A systematic review.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- The Transition of Youth with ADHD into the Workforce: Review and Future Directions.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2019Pooled it
- High vs. Low Intensity Behavior Therapy Delivered to Adolescents with ADHD: Potential Adverse Long-Term Effects on Substance Use Outcomes.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Trial
- Effects on alcohol and substance use of a school-based training intervention for adolescents with ADHD.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial of an Integrated Family-Based Treatment for Adolescents Presenting to Community Mental Health Centers.Community mental health journal · 2021Trial
- Safe and effective use of stimulants in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders.The mental health clinician · 2026Article
- Retrospectively reported childhood ADHD symptoms and addiction severity in emerging adults with substance use disorders: cross-sectional indirect associations through time perspective.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Gestational kynurenine metabolites mediate effects of pregnancy adiposity on child negative affect.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Reduced Clinical Response in Adult ADHD: The Role of Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Sociability, drinking motives, and alcohol use problems among young adults with and without childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Self-directed speech and attention deficit hyperactive disorder-like behaviours.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2026Article
- Attention Problems in Childhood and Subsequent Health Risk Behaviors in Adolescence.Journal of attention disorders · 2025Article
- Effects of initial nicotine exposure on cognition and nicotine reinforcement among non-smoking young adults with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Is nicotine vaping associated with subsequent initiation of cannabis or other substances from adolescence into young adulthood?American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- ADHD and Alcohol Use Disorder: Optimizing Screening and Treatment in Co-occurring Conditions.CNS drugs · 2025Review
- Transcriptomic Dysregulation in Animal Models of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Nicotine Dependence Suggests Shared Neural Mechanisms.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- The role of perceived parent drinking motives on alcohol use among adolescents with and without childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025Article
- ADHD and Cannabis Use in College Students: Examining Indirect Effects of Coping Motives.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Patterns of substance use and initiation timing in adults with substance abuse: a comparison between those with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with psychiatric comorbidities in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a claims-based case-cohort study.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2024Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2018
Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInconsistent findings exist regarding long-term substance use (SU) risk for children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The observational follow-up of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) provides an opportunity to assess long-term outcomes in a large, diverse sample.
methodsFive hundred forty-seven children, mean age 8.5, diagnosed with DSM-IV combined-type ADHD and 258 classmates without ADHD (local normative comparison group; LNCG) completed the Substance Use Questionnaire up to eight times from mean age 10 to mean age 25.
resultsIn adulthood, weekly marijuana use (32.8% ADHD vs. 21.3% LNCG) and daily cigarette smoking (35.9% vs. 17.5%) were more prevalent in the ADHD group than the LNCG. The cumulative record also revealed more early substance users in adolescence for ADHD (57.9%) than LNCG (41.9%), including younger first use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and illicit drugs. Alcohol and nonmarijuana illicit drug use escalated slightly faster in the ADHD group in early adolescence. Early SU predicted quicker SU escalation and more SU in adulthood for both groups.
conclusionsFrequent SU for young adults with childhood ADHD is accompanied by greater initial exposure at a young age and slightly faster progression. Early SU prevention and screening is critical before escalation to intractable levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.