Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29314763›Full record

ArticleMolecular genetics & genomic medicine2018

Integrating exome sequencing into a diagnostic pathway for epileptic encephalopathy: Evidence of clinical utility and cost effectiveness.

Elizabeth E Palmer, Deborah Schofield, Rupendra Shrestha, Tejaswi Kandula, Rebecca Macintosh, John A Lawson, Ian Andrews, Hugo Sampaio, Alexandra M Johnson, Michelle A Farrar and 16 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular genetics & genomic medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. A systematic review of the methodological quality of economic evaluations in genetic screening and testing for monogenic disorders.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2022
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. ACMG/AMP variant classification specifications from the ClinGen Epilepsy Sodium Channel Variant Curation Expert Panel.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Should Scotland provide genome-wide sequencing for the diagnosis of rare developmental disorders? A cost-effectiveness analysis.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025
    Article
  10. Review
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  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Steps to Improve Precision Medicine in Epilepsy.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Elizabeth E PalmerSydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1844-215X
Deborah SchofieldThe Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Rupendra ShresthaFaculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Tejaswi KandulaSydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Rebecca MacintoshSydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
John A LawsonSydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Ian AndrewsSydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Hugo SampaioSydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Alexandra M JohnsonSydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Michelle A FarrarSydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Michael CardamoneSydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
David MowatSydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
George ElakisSEALS pathology, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
William LoSEALS pathology, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Ying ZhuGenetics of Learning Disability Service, Waratah, NSW, Australia.
Kevin YingThe Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Paula MorrisThe Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Jiang TaoThe Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Kerith-Rae DiasThe Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Michael BuckleySEALS pathology, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Marcel E DingerThe Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Mark J CowleyThe Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Tony RoscioliSydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Edwin P KirkSydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Ann ByeSydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Rani K SachdevSydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEpileptic encephalopathies are a devastating group of neurological conditions in which etiological diagnosis can alter management and clinical outcome. Exome sequencing and gene panel testing can improve diagnostic yield but there is no cost-effectiveness analysis of their use or consensus on how to best integrate these tests into clinical diagnostic pathways.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cost-effectiveness study comparing trio exome sequencing with a standard diagnostic approach, for a well-phenotyped cohort of 32 patients with epileptic encephalopathy, who remained undiagnosed after "first-tier" testing. Sensitivity analysis was included with a range of commercial exome and multigene panels.

resultsThe diagnostic yield was higher for the exome sequencing (16/32; 50%) than the standard arm (2/32; 6.2%). The trio exome sequencing pathway was cost-effective compared to the standard diagnostic pathway with a cost saving of AU$5,236 (95% confidence intervals $2,482; $9,784) per additional diagnosis; the standard pathway cost approximately 10 times more per diagnosis. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the majority of commercial exome sequencing and multigene panels studied were also cost-effective. The clinical utility of all diagnoses was reported.

conclusionOur study supports the integration of exome sequencing and gene panel testing into the diagnostic pathway for epileptic encephalopathy, both in terms of cost effectiveness and clinical utility. We propose a diagnostic pathway that integrates initial rapid screening for treatable causes and comprehensive genomic screening. This study has important implications for health policy and public funding for epileptic encephalopathy and other neurological conditions.

Indexed as

ChildChild, PreschoolCost-Benefit AnalysisEpilepsy, GeneralizedExomeExome SequencingFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenetic TestingHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleNervous System DiseasesRetrospective Studiesdiagnosisepilepsygenomicshealth economics

Identifiers

PMID29314763
PMCPMC5902395

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.