ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2018
The Quality of Medicines Used in Children and Supplied by Private Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Prospective Survey.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health, Economic, and Social Impacts of Substandard and Falsified Medicines in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Methodological Approaches.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Pooled it
- Characterizing Medicine Quality by Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis across Low- and Middle-Income Countries.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Pooled it
- Perceptions and Acceptability ofHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Relationship between Prices and Quality of Essential Medicines from Different Manufacturers Collected in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Nigeria.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Understanding the veterinary antibiotic flow in Malawi: complexities, gaps and needs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- A randomised survey of the quality of antibiotics and other essential medicines in Indonesia, with volume-adjusted estimates of the prevalence of substandard medicines.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Challenges of Antibiotic Formulations and Administration in the Treatment of Bloodstream Infections in Children Under Five Admitted to Kisantu Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Pharmacopeial quality of artemether-lumefantrine anti-malarial agents in Uganda.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Poor Quality Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole Tablets in Three Cities in Cameroon.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Usefulness of medicine screening tools in the frame of pharmaceutical post-marketing surveillance.PloS one · 2023Article
- A study of the quality of cardiovascular and diabetes medicines in Malang District, Indonesia, using exposure-based sampling.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Emerging Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Africa and Latin America: Search for Reasons.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2022Review
- Quality assessment of selected co-trimoxazole suspension brands marketed in Nairobi County, Kenya.PloS one · 2021Article
- Substandard and Falsified Antibiotics and Medicines against Noncommunicable Diseases in Western Cameroon and Northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Local perspectives on Ebola during its tenth outbreak in DR Congo: A nationwide qualitative study.PloS one · 2020Article
- Prevention, Detection and Response to incidences of substandard and falsified medical products in the Member States of the Southern African Development Community.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2020Review
- A simplified checklist for the visual inspection of finished pharmaceutical products: a way to empower frontline health workers in the fight against poor-quality medicines.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2020Article
- Modeling the Economic Impact of Substandard and Falsified Antimalarials in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- The Belgian commitment to pharmaceutical quality: a model policy to improve quality assurance of medicines available through humanitarian and development programs.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Poor-quality medicines are a threat to public health in many low- and middle-income countries, and prospective surveys are needed to inform corrective actions. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional survey on a sample of products used for children and available in the private market in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Congo: amoxicillin (AX) and artemether/lumefantrine (AL), powders for suspension, and paracetamol (PC) tablets 500 mg. Overall, 417 products were covertly purchased from 61 wholesalers. To obtain a representative sample, the products were weighted on their market shares and a subset of 239 samples was randomly extracted to undergo in-depth visual inspection locally, and they were chemically assessed at two accredited laboratories in Belgium. Samples were defined of "poor-quality" if they failed to comply with at least one specification of the International Pharmacopoeia (for AL) or United States Pharmacopoeia 37 (for AX and PC). Results are reported according to the Medicine Quality Assessment Reporting Guideline. The visual inspection detected nonconformities in the aspects of antimalarial powders for suspension, and poor-quality labels across all medicine types. According to chemical analysis, 27.2% samples were of poor quality and 59.5% of AL samples were underdosed in artemether. Poor quality was more frequent for locally manufactured antimalarials (83.3%,
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