ArticleAutophagy2018
ULK1 phosphorylates Ser30 of BECN1 in association with ATG14 to stimulate autophagy induction.
Article in Autophagy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)Autophagy · 2021Guideline
- Regulatory mechanisms of post-translational modifications on autophagic flux in neurons following ischemic stroke.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- ULK1 promotes metastatic progression in experimental models of epithelial ovarian cancer.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Targeting Autophagy for Otoprotection: Translating Basic Mechanisms into Clinical Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- miR-378f targets CAB39 to regulate autophagy in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- The Fragile Balance: Autophagy's Role in Neurodegenerative Disease Progression.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- A depression-associated protein FKBP5 functions in autophagy initiation through scaffolding the VPS34 complex.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- The human autophagy-initiating complexes ULK1C and PI3KC3-C1.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Review
- Mammalian nucleophagy: process and function.Autophagy · 2025Review
- Targeting Cancer Cell Fate: Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Gold Nanoparticles in Treatment Strategies.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Potential of MCC950 in Restoring Autophagy and Cognitive Function in STZ-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Proteomics revealed novel functions and drought tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana protein kinase ATG1.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Autophagy fine-tuning by angiotensin-(1-9) in cultured rat cardiomyocytes.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Galangin reduces MPTP-induced dopamine neuron injury via the autophagy dependent-PI3K/AKT pathway.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- TRIM22 functions as a scaffold protein for autophagy initiation.Animal cells and systems · 2025Article
- Regulatory Mechanisms Governing the Autophagy-Initiating VPS34 Complex and Its inhibitors.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Article
- Is Autophagy a Friend or Foe in SARS-CoV-2 Infection?Viruses · 2024Review
- Gene Expression Regulation and the Signal Transduction of Programmed Cell Death.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Challenging Sarcopenia: Exploring AdipoRon in Aging Skeletal Muscle as a Healthspan-Extending Shield.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
ULK1 (unc51-like autophagy activating kinase 1) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role in regulating macroautophagy/autophagy induction in response to amino acid starvation. Despite the recent progress in understanding ULK1 functions, the molecular mechanism by which ULK1 regulates the induction of autophagy remains elusive. In this study, we determined that ULK1 phosphorylates Ser30 of BECN1 (Beclin 1) in association with ATG14 (autophagy-related 14) but not with UVRAG (UV radiation resistance associated). The Ser30 phosphorylation was induced by deprivation of amino acids or treatments with Torin 1 or rapamycin, the conditions that inhibit MTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1), and requires ATG13 and RB1CC1 (RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1), proteins that interact with ULK1. Hypoxia or glutamine deprivation, which inhibit MTORC1, was also able to increase the phosphorylation in a manner dependent upon ULK1 and ULK2. Blocking the BECN1 phosphorylation by replacing Ser30 with alanine suppressed the amino acid starvation-induced activation of the ATG14-containing PIK3C3/VPS34 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3) kinase, and reduced autophagy flux and the formation of phagophores and autophagosomes. The Ser30-to-Ala mutation did not affect the ULK1-mediated phosphorylations of BECN1 Ser15 or ATG14 Ser29, indicating that the BECN1 Ser30 phosphorylation might regulate autophagy independently of those 2 sites. Taken together, these results demonstrate that BECN1 Ser30 is a ULK1 target site whose phosphorylation activates the ATG14-containing PIK3C3 complex and stimulates autophagosome formation in response to amino acid starvation, hypoxia, and MTORC1 inhibition.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.