ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2018
Effectiveness of a Multisystem Aquatic Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy of various physical activity interventions on individuals with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- The effects of aquatic interventions on emotional and behavioral outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of aquatic exercise on symptoms, behaviors, and motor function in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Optimal dosage of group-based organized physical activity for enhancing social abilities in autistic children: insights from a multilevel meta-analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of exercise interventions on core symptoms of 3-12-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of hydrotherapy on athletic ability in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of physical exercise interventions on sociability and communication in children and adolescents with autism: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Analyzing the influence of physical exercise interventions on social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder: insights from meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Pooled it
- A network meta-analysis of the effect of physical exercise on core symptoms in patients with autism spectrum disorders.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of exercise intervention on improving fundamental motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Parent Perspectives on Water Safety for Children with Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Novel CTNNB1 Gene Variants in Spanish CTNNB1 Syndrome Patients: Clinical and Psychological Manifestations.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Chronological Age and Adaptive Outcomes Following Neuropsychomotor and Aquatic Interventions in Children with Autism: A Secondary Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects of Adapted Aquatic Exercise on Autism-Related Behaviors, Flexibility, and Handgrip Strength in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Aquatic Interventions to Improve Motor and Social Functioning in Children with ASD: A Systematic Review.Review journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Review
- Effects of Halliwick-based aquatic exercise on social and motor skills of children with autism spectrum disorder: a pilot study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Exploring the impact of parent-facilitated aquatics on children with developmental disabilities - a mixed-methods study.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2026Article
- Evaluating an Eight-Week Therapeutic Swimming Program in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Mixed-Methods Study from Romania.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of Motor Skills and Physical Activity Interventions on Motor Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Impact of a Music- and Movement-Based Intervention on Motor Competence, Social Engagement, and Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aquatic therapy improves motor skills of persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but its usefulness for treating functional difficulties needs to be verified yet. We tested effectiveness of a multisystem aquatic therapy on behavioural, emotional, social and swimming skills of children with ASD. Multisystem aquatic therapy was divided in three phases (emotional adaptation, swimming adaptation and social integration) implemented in a 10-months-programme. At post-treatment, the aquatic therapy group showed significant improvements relative to controls on functional adaptation (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales), emotional response, adaptation to change and on activity level (Childhood Autism Rating Scale). Swimming skills learning was also demonstrated. Multisystem aquatic therapy is useful for ameliorating functional impairments of children with ASD, going well beyond a swimming training.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.