Observational studyEuropean journal of applied physiology2018
Long-term swimming training modifies acute immune cell response to a high-intensity session.
Observational study in European journal of applied physiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise versus no exercise for the occurrence, severity, and duration of acute respiratory infections.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Acute and Long-Term Physiological and Hematological Responses in Well-Trained Young Swimmers Throughout a Training Season.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of a single swimming session on inflammatory response and iron homeostasis in adolescent female athletes during the luteal phase.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The effect of three types of water-based training protocols on thymus atrophy and specific indicators of cellular immune senescence in aged male rats.Biogerontology · 2025Article
- Effects of different training intensities in high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on maximal aerobic velocity, hematological and muscle-damage markers in healthy young adults.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Article
- Bioimpedance Vector Patterns Changes in Response to Swimming Training: An Ecological Approach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The Cellular Composition of the Innate and Adaptive Immune System Is Changed in Blood in Response to Long-Term Swimming Training.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeLong-term training influence on athletes' immune cell response to acute exercise has been poorly studied, despite the complexity of both chronic and acute adaptations induced by training. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of a 4-month swimming training cycle on the immune cell response to a high-intensity training session, during 24 h of recovery, considering sex, maturity, and age group.
methodsForty-three swimmers (16 females, 14.4 ± 1.1 years; 27 males, 16.2 ± 2.0) performed a standardized high-intensity session, after the main competition of the first (M1), and second (M2) macrocycles. Blood samples were collected before (Pre), immediately after (Post), 2 h after (Post2h) and 24 h after (Post24h) exercise. Haemogram and lymphocytes subsets were assessed by an automatic cell counter and by flow cytometry, respectively. Subjects were grouped according to sex, competitive age groups, or pubertal Tanner stages. Results express the percentage of relative differences from Pre to Post, Post2h and Post24h. Upper respiratory symptoms (URS) and training load were quantified.
resultsAt M2, we observed smaller increases of leukocytes (M1: 14.0 ± 36.3/M2: 2.33 ± 23.0%) and neutrophils (M1: 57.1 ± 71.6/M2: 38.9 ± 49.9%) at Post; and less efficient recoveries of total lymphocytes (M1: - 22.0 ± 20.1/M2: - 30.0 ± 18.6%) and CD19
conclusionsThe training cycle induced an attenuated immune change immediately after exercise and a less efficient recovery of total lymphocytes, involving an accentuated CD19
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.