ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2019
First delivery and ovariectomy affect biomechanical and structural properties of the vagina in the ovine model.
Article in International urogynecology journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aging of Pelvic Floor in Animal Models: A Sistematic Review of Literature on the Role of the Extracellular Matrix in the Development of Pelvic Floor Prolapse.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Animal models for pelvic organ prolapse: systematic review.International urogynecology journal · 2021Pooled it
- Chapter 4.5: New Proposed Treatments for Pelvic Organ Prolapse.International urogynecology journal · 2026Review
- Comparative anatomy of the ovine and human pelvis for laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy: evaluating the effectiveness of the ovine model.International urogynecology journal · 2023Article
- Current practice in animal models for pelvic floor dysfunction.International urogynecology journal · 2023Review
- Evidence for Menopause as a Sex-Specific Risk Factor for Glaucoma.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Advances in vaginal bioengineering: Applications, techniques, and needs.Current research in physiology · 2023Review
- Role of fibulin-5 insufficiency and prolapse progression on murine vaginal biomechanical function.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Ovariectomy worsens visual function after mild optic nerve crush in rodents.Experimental eye research · 2021Article
- Contractile Properties of Vaginal Tissue.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2020Review
- Comparison of Biaxial Biomechanical Properties of Post-menopausal Human Prolapsed and Non-prolapsed Uterosacral Ligament.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Menopause exacerbates visual dysfunction in experimental glaucoma.Experimental eye research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisAnimal models are useful for investigating the genesis of pelvic floor dysfunction and for developing novel therapies for its treatment. There is a need for an alternative large-animal model to the nonhuman primate. Therefore we studied the effects of the first vaginal delivery, ovariectomy and systemic hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) on the biomechanical and structural properties of the ovine vagina.
methodsWe examined the gross anatomical properties of nulliparous, primiparous, ovariectomized multiparous, and ovariectomized hormone-replaced multiparous sheep (six animals per group). We also harvested mid-vaginal and distal vaginal tissue to determine smooth muscle contractility and passive biomechanical properties, for morphometric assessment of the vaginal wall layers, to determine collagen and elastin content, and for immunostaining for α-smooth muscle actin and estrogen receptor-α.
resultsThere were no regional differences in the nulliparous vagina. One year after the first vaginal delivery, stiffness and contractility of the distal vagina were decreased, whereas the elastin content increased. The mid-vagina of ovariectomized sheep was stiff, and its epithelium was thin and lacked glycogen. HRT decreased the stiffness of the mid-vagina by 45% but had no measurable effect on contractility or elastin content, and increased epithelial thickness and glycogen content. HRT also increased the epithelial thickness and glycogen content of the distal vagina. At this location, there were no changes in morphology or stiffness.
conclusionIn sheep, life events including delivery and ovariectomy affect the biomechanical properties of the vagina in a region-specific way. Vaginal delivery mainly affects the distal region by decreasing stiffness and contractility. HRT can reverse the increase in stiffness of the mid-vagina observed after surgical induction of menopause. These observations are in line with scanty biomechanical measurements in comparable clinical specimens.
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